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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 17, 11667-11671, April 23, 1999
Promoter
Activity Is Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor-
B
Kinase-dependent
From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9041
The adverse effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
are primarily mediated by tumor necrosis factor-
(TNF-
). TNF-
production by LPS-stimulated macrophages is regulated both
transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Transcriptional
regulation of the TNF-
gene is dependent on nuclear factor-
B
(NF-
B). We examined the signaling pathways involved in the
regulation of NF-
B that lead to TNF-
promoter activity. We
determined a role for one or both of the recently identified inhibitor
of NF-
B kinases, I
B kinase-1 and I
B kinase-2, in LPS induction
of an NF-
B reporter and of TNF-
promoter activity. I
B kinase
activation is one of the earliest signaling events known to be induced
by LPS. Furthermore, our results suggest roles for the I
B kinases
NF-
B-inducing kinase and mitogen-activated protein
kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 1 in the
regulation of I
B kinase-2, as well as in LPS-induced TNF-
transcription.
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