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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 17, 11854-11858, April 23, 1999
From the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University,
Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)
specifically binds to peptidoglycan and is considered to be one of the
pattern recognition proteins in the innate immunity of insect. The PGRP
is an essential component for peptidoglycan to trigger the
prophenoloxidase cascade that is now recognized to be an important
insect defense mechanism. We cloned cDNA encoding PGRP from the
silkworm fat body cDNA library. Northern blot analysis showed that
the PGRP gene is constitutively expressed in the fat body, epithelial
cell, and hemocytes of naive silkworms. Furthermore, a bacterial
challenge intensified the gene expression, with the maximal period
being from 6 to 36 h after infection. The upstream sequence of the
cloned PGRP gene was shown to contain putative
cis-regulatory elements similar to the NF-
B-like
element, interferon-response half-element, and GATA motif element,
which have been found in the promoters of the acute phase protein genes
of mammals and insects. A homology search revealed that the homologs of
silkworm PGRP are present in mice, nematodes, and bacteriophages. This
suggests that the recognition of peptidoglycan as foreign is effected
in both vertebrates and invertebrates by PGRP homologs with an
evolutionally common origin.
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