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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 19, 12996-13001, May 7, 1999

The Flexibility of Actin Filaments as Revealed by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
THE INFLUENCE OF DIVALENT CATIONS

Miklós Nyitrai, Gábor Hild^§, József Belágyi^¶, and Béla Somogyi^§

From the  Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at the ^§ Department of Biophysics, University Medical School of Pécs, ^¶ Central Research Laboratory, University Medical School of Pécs, P. O. 99, H-7601 Pécs, Hungary

The temperature profile of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency normalized by the fluorescence quantum yield of the donor in the presence of acceptor, f', was measured in a way allowing the independent investigation of (i) the strength of interaction between the adjacent protomers (intermonomer flexibility) and (ii) the flexibility of the protein matrix within actin protomers (intramonomer flexibility). In both cases the relative increase as a function of temperature in f' is larger in calcium-F-actin than in magnesium-F-actin in the range of 5-40 °C, which indicates that both the intramonomer and the intermonomer flexibility of the actin filaments are larger in calcium-F-actin than those in magnesium-F-actin. The intermonomer flexibility was proved to be larger than the intramonomer one in both the calcium-F-actin and the magnesium-F-actin. The distance between Gln⁴¹ and Cys³⁷⁴ residues was found to be cation-independent and did not change during polymerization at 21 °C. The steady-state fluorescence anisotropy data of fluorophores attached to the Gln⁴¹ or Cys³⁷⁴ residues suggest that the microenvironments around these regions are more rigid in the magnesium-loaded actin filament than in the calcium-loaded form.

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