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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 22, 15575-15581, May 28, 1999

The Role of STAT3 in Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor-induced Enhancement of Neutrophilic Differentiation of Me₂SO-treated HL-60 Cells
GM-CSF INHIBITS THE NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF TYROSINE-PHOSPHORYLATED STAT3

From the Department of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan

The role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on neutrophilic differentiation of Me₂SO-treated HL-60 cells was studied. G-CSF augmented the functional maturation of Me₂SO-treated HL-60 cells in terms of both O₂-generating ability and expression of the formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptor. G-CSF induced enhancement of cell growth in Me₂SO-treated HL-60 cells. These results indicate that G-CSF is a potent enhancer for the differentiation and proliferation of Me₂SO-treated HL-60 cells. G-CSF caused the activation of p70 S6 kinase but not mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. On the other hand, G-CSF rapidly induced tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3), but did not induce serine727 phosphorylation. From the analysis of confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and differential centrifugation, it was clearly demonstrated that G-CSF induced nuclear translocation of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3. The G-CSF-dependent enhancement of neutrophilic differentiation in Me₂SO-HL-60 cells was reversely inhibited by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Notably, in the presence of GM-CSF, G-CSF induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 but failed to induce the nuclear translocation of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3. GM-CSF induced activation of not only p70 S6 kinase, but also of MAP kinase. Furthermore, GM-CSF caused the rapid serine727 phosphorylation of STAT3, both in the presence and absence of G-CSF. PD98059, an MEK1 inhibitor, inhibited the G-CSF-dependent serine727 phosphorylation of STAT3 and blocked the inhibitory effect of GM-CSF on G-CSF-dependent nuclear translocation of STAT3. These results suggest that G-CSF-dependent nuclear translocation of STAT3 coordinates with the promotion of neutrophilic differentiation in Me₂SO-treated HL-60 cells.

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