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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 23, 15978-15981, June 4, 1999
B, and c-Jun
NH2-Terminal Kinase
From the Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular
Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and the § Human Genome
Sciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850
By using the amino acid sequence motif of tumor
necrosis factor (TNF), we searched the expressed sequence tag data base
and identified a novel full-length cDNA encoding 285 amino acid
residues and named it THANK. THANK is a type II transmembrane protein
with 15-20% overall amino acid sequence homology to TNF, LT-
,
FasL, and LIGHT, all members of the TNF family. The mRNA for THANK
was expressed at high levels by peripheral blood leukocytes, lymph node, spleen, and thymus and at low levels by small intestine, pancreas, placenta, and lungs. THANK was also prominently expressed in
hematopoietic cell lines. The recombinant purified protein expressed in
the baculovirus system had an approximate molecular size 20 kDa with
amino-terminal sequence of AVQGP. Treatment of human myeloid U937 cells
with purified THANK activated nuclear transcription factor-
B
(NF-
B) consisting of p50 and p65. Activation was time- and
dose-dependent, beginning with as little as a 1 pM amount of the cytokines and as early as 15 min.
Under the same conditions, THANK also activated c-jun
NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in U937 cells. THANK also
strongly suppressed the growth of tumor cell lines and activated
caspase-3. Although THANK had all the activities and potency of TNF, it
did not bind to the TNF receptors. Thus our results indicate that THANK
is a novel cytokine that belongs to the TNF family and activates
apoptosis, NF-
B, and JNK through a distinct receptor.
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