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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 24, 16965-16972, June 11, 1999
From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin,
Turin 10126, Italy and the § Department of Biological
Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
Stem cell factor (SCF) and its tyrosine kinase
receptor, c-Kit, play a crucial role in regulating migration and
proliferation of melanoblasts, germ cells, and hemopoietic cell
progenitors by activating a number of intracellular signaling
molecules. Here we report that SCF stimulation of myeloid cells or
fibroblasts ectopically expressing c-Kit induces physical association
with and tyrosine phosphorylation of three signal transducers and
activators of transcription (STATs) as follows: STAT1
, STAT5A, and
STAT5B. Other STAT proteins are not recruited upon SCF stimulation.
Recruitment of STATs leads to their dimerization, nuclear
translocation, and binding to specific promoter-responsive elements.
Whereas STAT1
, possibly in the form of homodimers, binds to the
sis-inducible DNA element, STAT5 proteins, either as
STAT5A/STAT5B or STAT5/STAT1
heterodimers, bind to the
prolactin-inducible element of the
-casein promoter. The tyrosine
kinase activity of Kit appears essential for STAT activation since a
kinase-defective mutant lacking a kinase insert domain was inactive in
STAT signaling. However, another mutant that lacked the
carboxyl-terminal region retained STAT1
activation and nuclear
translocation but was unable to fully activate STAT5 proteins, although
it mediated their transient phosphorylation. These results indicate
that different intracellular domains of c-Kit are involved in
activation of the various STAT proteins.
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