|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 25, 17828-17836, June 18, 1999
From the Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210-1093
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) is caused
by infection with an obligatory intracellular bacterium, the HGE agent.
We previously cloned a gene encoding HGE agent 44-kDa major outer membrane protein and designated it p44. In this study, we
(i) identified five different mRNAs that are transcribed from
p44-homologous genes in the HGE agent cultivated in HL-60
cells; (ii) cloned genes corresponding to the mRNAs from the
genomic DNA of the HGE agent; (iii) showed that the genes being
expressed were not clustered in the HGE agent genome; (iv) estimated
that a minimum copy number of the p44-homologous genes in
the genome is 18; (v) detected two different P44-homologous proteins
expressed by the HGE agent; and (vi) demonstrated existence of
antibodies specific to the two proteins in sera from patients with HGE.
These findings showed that p44 multigenes have several
active expression sites and the expression is regulated at
transcriptional level, suggesting a potentially unique mechanism for
generating the diversity in major antigenic outer membrane proteins of
the HGE agent. Characterization of p44-homologous genes
expressed by the HGE agent in a tissue culture would assist in
understanding a role of the p44 multigene family in
pathogenesis and immune response in HGE.
Multiple p44 Genes Encoding Major Outer Membrane
Proteins Are Expressed in the Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
Agent
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. J. Troese, M. Sarkar, N. L. Galloway, R. J. Thomas, S. A. Kearns, D. V. Reneer, T. Yang, and J. A. Carlyon Differential Expression and Glycosylation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Major Surface Protein 2 Paralogs during Cultivation in Sialyl Lewis x-Deficient Host Cells Infect. Immun., May 1, 2009; 77(5): 1746 - 1756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Masuzawa, I. G. Kharitonenkov, Y. Okamoto, T. Fukui, and N. Ohashi Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and its coinfection with Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks inhabiting Tver Province (Russia) - a sympatric region for both tick species J. Med. Microbiol., August 1, 2008; 57(8): 986 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sarkar, M. J. Troese, S. A. Kearns, T. Yang, D. V. Reneer, and J. A. Carlyon Anaplasma phagocytophilum MSP2(P44)-18 Predominates and Is Modified into Multiple Isoforms in Human Myeloid Cells Infect. Immun., May 1, 2008; 76(5): 2090 - 2098. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. A. F. Ladbury, S. Stuen, R. Thomas, K. J. Bown, Z. Woldehiwet, E. G. Granquist, K. Bergstrom, and R. J. Birtles Dynamic Transmission of Numerous Anaplasma phagocytophilum Genotypes among Lambs in an Infected Sheep Flock in an Area of Anaplasmosis Endemicity J. Clin. Microbiol., May 1, 2008; 46(5): 1686 - 1691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Wang, Z. Cheng, C. Zhang, T. Kikuchi, and Y. Rikihisa Anaplasma phagocytophilum p44 mRNA Expression Is Differentially Regulated in Mammalian and Tick Host Cells: Involvement of the DNA Binding Protein ApxR J. Bacteriol., December 1, 2007; 189(23): 8651 - 8659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ge and Y. Rikihisa Identification of Novel Surface Proteins of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by Affinity Purification and Proteomics J. Bacteriol., November 1, 2007; 189(21): 7819 - 7828. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Huang, X. Wang, T. Kikuchi, Y. Kumagai, and Y. Rikihisa Porin Activity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Outer Membrane Fraction and Purified P44 J. Bacteriol., March 1, 2007; 189(5): 1998 - 2006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Lin, C. Zhang, and Y. Rikihisa Analysis of Involvement of the RecF Pathway in p44 Recombination in Anaplasma phagocytophilum and in Escherichia coli by Using a Plasmid Carrying the p44 Expression and p44 Donor Loci Infect. Immun., April 1, 2006; 74(4): 2052 - 2062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Wang, T. Kikuchi, and Y. Rikihisa Two Monoclonal Antibodies with Defined Epitopes of P44 Major Surface Proteins Neutralize Anaplasma phagocytophilum by Distinct Mechanisms Infect. Immun., March 1, 2006; 74(3): 1873 - 1882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kawahara, Y. Rikihisa, Q. Lin, E. Isogai, K. Tahara, A. Itagaki, Y. Hiramitsu, and T. Tajima Novel Genetic Variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, and a Novel Ehrlichia sp. in Wild Deer and Ticks on Two Major Islands in Japan Appl. Envir. Microbiol., February 1, 2006; 72(2): 1102 - 1109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Lopez, W. F. Siems, G. H. Palmer, K. A. Brayton, T. C. McGuire, J. Norimine, and W. C. Brown Identification of Novel Antigenic Proteins in a Complex Anaplasma marginale Outer Membrane Immunogen by Mass Spectrometry and Genomic Mapping Infect. Immun., December 1, 2005; 73(12): 8109 - 8118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Lin and Y. Rikihisa Establishment of Cloned Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Analysis of p44 Gene Conversion within an Infected Horse and Infected SCID Mice Infect. Immun., August 1, 2005; 73(8): 5106 - 5114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Holden, E. Hodzic, S. Feng, K. J. Freet, R. B. Lefebvre, and S. W. Barthold Coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum Alters Borrelia burgdorferi Population Distribution in C3H/HeN Mice Infect. Immun., June 1, 2005; 73(6): 3440 - 3444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. E. Collins, J. Liebenberg, E. P. de Villiers, K. A. Brayton, E. Louw, A. Pretorius, F. E. Faber, H. van Heerden, A. Josemans, M. van Kleef, et al. The genome of the heartwater agent Ehrlichia ruminantium contains multiple tandem repeats of actively variable copy number PNAS, January 18, 2005; 102(3): 838 - 843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Wang, Y. Rikihisa, T.-H. Lai, Y. Kumagai, N. Zhi, and S. M. Reed Rapid Sequential Changeover of Expressed p44 Genes during the Acute Phase of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Horses Infect. Immun., December 1, 2004; 72(12): 6852 - 6859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Lin, Y. Rikihisa, R. F. Massung, Z. Woldehiwet, and R. C. Falco Polymorphism and Transcription at the p44-1/p44-18 Genomic Locus in Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains from Diverse Geographic Regions Infect. Immun., October 1, 2004; 72(10): 5574 - 5581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Lin, Y. Rikihisa, S. Felek, X. Wang, R. F. Massung, and Z. Woldehiwet Anaplasma phagocytophilum Has a Functional msp2 Gene That Is Distinct from p44 Infect. Immun., July 1, 2004; 72(7): 3883 - 3889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Courtney, L. M. Kostelnik, N. S. Zeidner, and R. F. Massung Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi J. Clin. Microbiol., July 1, 2004; 42(7): 3164 - 3168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. N. J. Casey, R. J. Birtles, A. D. Radford, K. J. Bown, N. P. French, Z. Woldehiwet, and N. H. Ogden Groupings of highly similar major surface protein (p44)-encoding paralogues: a potential index of genetic diversity amongst isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Microbiology, March 1, 2004; 150(3): 727 - 734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Felek, S. Telford III, R. C. Falco, and Y. Rikihisa Sequence Analysis of p44 Homologs Expressed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Infected Ticks Feeding on Naive Hosts and in Mice Infected by Tick Attachment Infect. Immun., February 1, 2004; 72(2): 659 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Lin, Y. Rikihisa, N. Ohashi, and N. Zhi Mechanisms of Variable p44 Expression by Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infect. Immun., October 1, 2003; 71(10): 5650 - 5661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Inokuma, P. Brouqui, J. S. Dumler, and D. Raoult Serotyping Isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by Using Monoclonal Antibodies Clin. Vaccine Immunol., September 1, 2003; 10(5): 969 - 972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Stuen, K. Bergstrom, M. Petrovec, I. Van de Pol, and L. M. Schouls Differences in Clinical Manifestations and Hematological and Serological Responses after Experimental Infection with Genetic Variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Sheep Clin. Vaccine Immunol., July 1, 2003; 10(4): 692 - 695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Park, K. S. Choi, and J. S. Dumler Major Surface Protein 2 of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Facilitates Adherence to Granulocytes Infect. Immun., July 1, 2003; 71(7): 4018 - 4025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Barbet, P. F. M. Meeus, M. Belanger, M. V. Bowie, J. Yi, A. M. Lundgren, A. R. Alleman, S. J. Wong, F. K. Chu, U. G. Munderloh, et al. Expression of Multiple Outer Membrane Protein Sequence Variants from a Single Genomic Locus of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infect. Immun., April 1, 2003; 71(4): 1706 - 1718. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-Y. Kim, J. Mott, N. Zhi, T. Tajima, and Y. Rikihisa Cytokine Gene Expression by Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Horses Experimentally Infected with Anaplasma phagocytophila Clin. Vaccine Immunol., September 1, 2002; 9(5): 1079 - 1084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. IJdo, C. Wu, S. R. Telford III, and E. Fikrig Differential Expression of the p44 Gene Family in the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Infect. Immun., September 1, 2002; 70(9): 5295 - 5298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Stuen, I. Van De Pol, K. Bergstrom, and L. M. Schouls Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophila (Formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) Variants in Blood from Sheep in Norway J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2002; 40(9): 3192 - 3197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Lin, N. Zhi, N. Ohashi, H. W. Horowitz, M. E. Aguero-Rosenfeld, J. Raffalli, G. P. Wormser, and Y. Rikihisa Analysis of Sequences and Loci of p44 Homologs Expressed by Anaplasma phagocytophila in Acutely Infected Patients J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 2002; 40(8): 2981 - 2988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Ohashi, N. Zhi, Q. Lin, and Y. Rikihisa Characterization and Transcriptional Analysis of Gene Clusters for a Type IV Secretion Machinery in Human Granulocytic and Monocytic Ehrlichiosis Agents Infect. Immun., April 1, 2002; 70(4): 2128 - 2138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Zhi, N. Ohashi, T. Tajima, J. Mott, R. W. Stich, D. Grover, S. R. Telford III, Q. Lin, and Y. Rikihisa Transcript Heterogeneity of the p44 Multigene Family in a Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Agent Transmitted by Ticks Infect. Immun., March 1, 2002; 70(3): 1175 - 1184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Caspersen, J.-H. Park, S. Patil, and J. S. Dumler Genetic Variability and Stability of Anaplasma phagocytophila msp2 (p44) Infect. Immun., March 1, 2002; 70(3): 1230 - 1234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Akkoyunlu, S. E. Malawista, J. Anguita, and E. Fikrig Exploitation of Interleukin-8-Induced Neutrophil Chemotaxis by the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Infect. Immun., September 1, 2001; 69(9): 5577 - 5588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Carter, M. D. Ravyn, Y. Xu, and R. C. Johnson Molecular Typing of the Etiologic Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2001; 39(9): 3398 - 3401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Lodes, R. Mohamath, L. D. Reynolds, P. McNeill, C. P. Kolbert, E. S. Bruinsma, D. R. Benson, E. Hofmeister, S. G. Reed, R. L. Houghton, et al. Serodiagnosis of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis by Using Novel Combinations of Immunoreactive Recombinant Proteins J. Clin. Microbiol., July 1, 2001; 39(7): 2466 - 2476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Thomas, J. Anguita, S. W. Barthold, and E. Fikrig Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Alters Murine Immune Responses, Pathogen Burden, and Severity of Lyme Arthritis Infect. Immun., May 1, 2001; 69(5): 3359 - 3371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Martin, K. Caspersen, and J. S. Dumler Immunopathology and Ehrlichial Propagation Are Regulated by Interferon-{{gamma}} and Interleukin-10 in a Murine Model of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2001; 158(5): 1881 - 1888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Ohashi, Y. Rikihisa, and A. Unver Analysis of Transcriptionally Active Gene Clusters of Major Outer Membrane Protein Multigene Family in Ehrlichia canis and E. chaffeensis Infect. Immun., April 1, 2001; 69(4): 2083 - 2091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Brayton, D. P. Knowles, T. C. McGuire, and G. H. Palmer Efficient use of a small genome to generate antigenic diversity in tick-borne ehrlichial pathogens PNAS, March 27, 2001; 98(7): 4130 - 4135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Barbet, A. Lundgren, J. Yi, F. R. Rurangirwa, and G. H. Palmer Antigenic Variation of Anaplasma marginale by Expression of MSP2 Mosaics Infect. Immun., November 1, 2000; 68(11): 6133 - 6138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Massung, J. H. Owens, D. Ross, K. D. Reed, M. Petrovec, A. Bjoersdorff, R. T. Coughlin, G. A. Beltz, and C. I. Murphy Sequence Analysis of the ank Gene of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 2000; 38(8): 2917 - 2922. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tajima, N. Zhi, Q. Lin, Y. Rikihisa, H. W. Horowitz, J. Ralfalli, G. P. Wormser, and K. E. Hechemy Comparison of Two Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Proteins of the Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Agent for Use in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Clin. Vaccine Immunol., July 1, 2000; 7(4): 652 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-Y. Kim and Y. Rikihisa Expression of Interleukin-1beta , Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Interleukin-6 in Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Exposed to Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Agent or Recombinant Major Surface Protein P44 Infect. Immun., June 1, 2000; 68(6): 3394 - 3402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. R. Rurangirwa, D. Stiller, and G. H. Palmer Strain Diversity in Major Surface Protein 2 Expression during Tick Transmission of Anaplasma marginale Infect. Immun., May 1, 2000; 68(5): 3023 - 3027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yoshiie, H.-Y. Kim, J. Mott, and Y. Rikihisa Intracellular Infection by the Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Agent Inhibits Human Neutrophil Apoptosis Infect. Immun., March 1, 2000; 68(3): 1125 - 1133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-F. Chang, S. P. McDonough, C.-F. Chang, K.-S. Shin, W. Yen, and T. Divers Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Agent Infection in a Pony Vaccinated with a Borrelia burgdorferi Recombinant OspA Vaccine and Challenged by Exposure to Naturally Infected Ticks Clin. Vaccine Immunol., January 1, 2000; 7(1): 68 - 71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Unver, Y. Rikihisa, N. Ohashi, L. C. Cullman, R. Buller, and G. A. Storch Western and Dot Blotting Analyses of Ehrlichia chaffeensis Indirect Fluorescent-Antibody Assay-Positive and -Negative Human Sera by Using Native and Recombinant E. chaffeensis and E. canis Antigens J. Clin. Microbiol., December 1, 1999; 37(12): 3888 - 3895. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. French, W. C. Brown, and G. H. Palmer Emergence of Anaplasma marginale Antigenic Variants during Persistent Rickettsemia Infect. Immun., November 1, 1999; 67(11): 5834 - 5840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| All ASBMB Journals | Molecular and Cellular Proteomics |
| Journal of Lipid Research | ASBMB Today |