HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a Letter to Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Shi, Y. Articles by Nakayama, K. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Shi, Y. Articles by Nakayama, K. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 25, 17955-17960, June 18, 1999

Genetic Analyses of Proteolysis, Hemoglobin Binding, and Hemagglutination of Porphyromonas gingivalis
CONSTRUCTION OF MUTANTS WITH A COMBINATION OF rgpA, rgpB, kgp, AND hagA

Yixin Shi, Dinath B. Ratnayake, Kuniaki Okamoto^§, Naoko Abe^§, Kenji Yamamoto^§, and Koji Nakayama

From the Departments of  Microbiology and ^§ Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan

Porphyromonas gingivalis produces arginine-specific cysteine proteinase (Arg-gingipain, RGP) and lysine-specific cysteine proteinase (Lys-gingipain, KGP) in the extracellular and cell-associated forms. Two separate genes (rgpA and rgpB) and a single gene (kgp) have been found to encode RGP and KGP, respectively. We constructed rgpA rgpB kgp triple mutants by homologous recombination with cloned rgp and kgp DNA interrupted by drug resistance gene markers. The triple mutants showed no RGP or KGP activity in either cell extracts or culture supernatants. The culture supernatants of the triple mutants grown in a rich medium had no proteolytic activity toward bovine serum albumin or gelatin derived from human type I collagen. Moreover, the mutants did not grow in a defined medium containing bovine serum albumin as the sole carbon/energy source. These results indicate that the proteolytic activity of P. gingivalis toward bovine serum albumin and gelatin derived from human type I collagen appears to be attributable to RGP and KGP. The hemagglutinin gene hagA of P. gingivalis possesses the adhesin domain regions responsible for hemagglutination and hemoglobin binding that are also located in the C-terminal regions of rgpA and kgp. A rgpA kgp hagA triple mutant constructed in this study exhibited no hemagglutination using sheep erythrocytes or hemoglobin binding activity, as determined by a solid-phase binding assay with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated human hemoglobin, indicating that the adhesin domains seem to be particularly important for P. gingivalis cells to agglutinate erythrocytes and bind hemoglobin, leading to heme acquisition.

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. Sato, N. Kido, Y. Murakami, C. I. Hoover, K. Nakayama, and F. Yoshimura Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis-related genes are required for colony pigmentation of Porphyromonas gingivalis Microbiology, April 1, 2009; 155(4): 1282 - 1293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. G. Dashper, C.-S. Ang, P. D. Veith, H. L. Mitchell, A. W. H. Lo, C. A. Seers, K. A. Walsh, N. Slakeski, D. Chen, J. P. Lissel, et al. Response of Porphyromonas gingivalis to Heme Limitation in Continuous Culture J. Bacteriol., February 1, 2009; 191(3): 1044 - 1055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Potempa, J. Potempa, M. Okroj, K. Popadiak, S. Eick, K.-A. Nguyen, K. Riesbeck, and A. M. Blom Binding of Complement Inhibitor C4b-Binding Protein Contributes to Serum Resistance of Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Immunol., October 15, 2008; 181(8): 5537 - 5544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Naito, H. Hirakawa, A. Yamashita, N. Ohara, M. Shoji, H. Yukitake, K. Nakayama, H. Toh, F. Yoshimura, S. Kuhara, et al. Determination of the Genome Sequence of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain ATCC 33277 and Genomic Comparison with Strain W83 Revealed Extensive Genome Rearrangements in P. gingivalis DNA Res, August 1, 2008; 15(4): 215 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Uehara, M. Naito, T. Imamura, J. Potempa, J. Travis, K. Nakayama, and H. Takada Dual regulation of interleukin-8 production in human oral epithelial cells upon stimulation with gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Med. Microbiol., April 1, 2008; 57(4): 500 - 507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Bachrach, H. Altman, P. E. Kolenbrander, N. I. Chalmers, M. Gabai-Gutner, A. Mor, M. Friedman, and D. Steinberg Resistance of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 to Direct Killing by Antimicrobial Peptides Is Protease Independent Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., February 1, 2008; 52(2): 638 - 642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Giacaman, A. H. Nobbs, K. F. Ross, and M. C. Herzberg Porphyromonas gingivalis Selectively Up-Regulates the HIV-1 Coreceptor CCR5 in Oral Keratinocytes J. Immunol., August 15, 2007; 179(4): 2542 - 2550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Sakai, M. Naito, K. Sato, H. Hotokezaka, T. Kadowaki, A. Kamaguchi, K. Yamamoto, K. Okamoto, and K. Nakayama Construction of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Derived from the Gingipain-Encoding Gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Identification of Its Target Protein on Erythrocytes, and Inhibition of Hemagglutination by an Interdomain Regional Peptide J. Bacteriol., June 1, 2007; 189(11): 3977 - 3986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Yamatake, M. Maeda, T. Kadowaki, R. Takii, T. Tsukuba, T. Ueno, E. Kominami, S. Yokota, and K. Yamamoto Role for Gingipains in Porphyromonas gingivalis Traffic to Phagolysosomes and Survival in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells Infect. Immun., May 1, 2007; 75(5): 2090 - 2100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K.-A. Nguyen, J. Travis, and J. Potempa Does the Importance of the C-Terminal Residues in the Maturation of RgpB from Porphyromonas gingivalis Reveal a Novel Mechanism for Protein Export in a Subgroup of Gram-Negative Bacteria? J. Bacteriol., February 1, 2007; 189(3): 833 - 843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. E. Shelburne, F. Y. An, V. Dholpe, A. Ramamoorthy, D. E. Lopatin, and M. S. Lantz The spectrum of antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin subtilosin A J. Antimicrob. Chemother., February 1, 2007; 59(2): 297 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Hashimoto, T. Kadowaki, T. Tsukuba, and K. Yamamoto Selective Proteolysis of Apolipoprotein B-100 by Arg-Gingipain Mediates Atherosclerosis Progression Accelerated by Bacterial Exposure J. Biochem., November 1, 2006; 140(5): 713 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Seers, N. Slakeski, P. D. Veith, T. Nikolof, Y.-Y. Chen, S. G. Dashper, and E. C. Reynolds The RgpB C-Terminal Domain Has a Role in Attachment of RgpB to the Outer Membrane and Belongs to a Novel C-Terminal-Domain Family Found in Porphyromonas gingivalis. J. Bacteriol., September 1, 2006; 188(17): 6376 - 6386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Nakagawa, H. Inaba, T. Yamamura, T. Kato, S. Kawai, T. Ooshima, and A. Amano Invasion of Epithelial Cells and Proteolysis of Cellular Focal Adhesion Components by Distinct Types of Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbriae Infect. Immun., July 1, 2006; 74(7): 3773 - 3782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Smalley, A. J. Birss, B. Szmigielski, and J. Potempa The HA2 haemagglutinin domain of the lysine-specific gingipain (Kgp) of Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes {micro}-oxo bishaem formation from monomeric iron(III) protoporphyrin IX Microbiology, June 1, 2006; 152(6): 1839 - 1845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Fujimura, H. Hotokezaka, N. Ohara, M. Naito, E. Sakai, M. Yoshimura, Y. Narita, H. Kitaura, N. Yoshida, and K. Nakayama The Hemoglobin Receptor Protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis Inhibits Receptor Activator NF-{kappa}B Ligand-Induced Osteoclastogenesis from Bone Marrow Macrophages. Infect. Immun., May 1, 2006; 74(5): 2544 - 2551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Liu, T. Olczak, H.-C. Guo, D. W. Dixon, and C. A. Genco Identification of Amino Acid Residues Involved in Heme Binding and Hemoprotein Utilization in the Porphyromonas gingivalis Heme Receptor HmuR Infect. Immun., February 1, 2006; 74(2): 1222 - 1232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Inaba, S. Kawai, T. Kato, I. Nakagawa, and A. Amano Association between Epithelial Cell Death and Invasion by Microspheres Conjugated to Porphyromonas gingivalis Vesicles with Different Types of Fimbriae Infect. Immun., January 1, 2006; 74(1): 734 - 739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Uehara, K. Muramoto, T. Imamura, K. Nakayama, J. Potempa, J. Travis, S. Sugawara, and H. Takada Arginine-Specific Gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis Stimulate Production of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (Scatter Factor) through Protease-Activated Receptors in Human Gingival Fibroblasts in Culture J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 6076 - 6084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. M. O'Brien-Simpson, R. D. Pathirana, R. A. Paolini, Y.-Y. Chen, P. D. Veith, V. Tam, N. Ally, R. N. Pike, and E. C. Reynolds An Immune Response Directed to Proteinase and Adhesin Functional Epitopes Protects against Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontal Bone Loss J. Immunol., September 15, 2005; 175(6): 3980 - 3989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. G. Dashper, C. A. Butler, J. P. Lissel, R. A. Paolini, B. Hoffmann, P. D. Veith, N. M. O'Brien-Simpson, S. L. Snelgrove, J. T. Tsiros, and E. C. Reynolds A Novel Porphyromonas gingivalis FeoB Plays a Role in Manganese Accumulation J. Biol. Chem., July 29, 2005; 280(30): 28095 - 28102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Vanterpool, F. Roy, and H. M. Fletcher Inactivation of vimF, a Putative Glycosyltransferase Gene Downstream of vimE, Alters Glycosylation and Activation of the Gingipains in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Infect. Immun., July 1, 2005; 73(7): 3971 - 3982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Sato, E. Sakai, P. D. Veith, M. Shoji, Y. Kikuchi, H. Yukitake, N. Ohara, M. Naito, K. Okamoto, E. C. Reynolds, et al. Identification of a New Membrane-associated Protein That Influences Transport/Maturation of Gingipains and Adhesins of Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Biol. Chem., March 11, 2005; 280(10): 8668 - 8677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Kikuchi, N. Ohara, K. Sato, M. Yoshimura, H. Yukitake, E. Sakai, M. Shoji, M. Naito, and K. Nakayama Novel stationary-phase-upregulated protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis influences production of superoxide dismutase, thiol peroxidase and thioredoxin Microbiology, March 1, 2005; 151(3): 841 - 853. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Takii, T. Kadowaki, A. Baba, T. Tsukuba, and K. Yamamoto A Functional Virulence Complex Composed of Gingipains, Adhesins, and Lipopolysaccharide Shows High Affinity to Host Cells and Matrix Proteins and Escapes Recognition by Host Immune Systems Infect. Immun., February 1, 2005; 73(2): 883 - 893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kadowaki, A. Baba, N. Abe, R. Takii, M. Hashimoto, T. Tsukuba, S. Okazaki, Y. Suda, T. Asao, and K. Yamamoto Suppression of Pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Newly Developed Gingipain Inhibitors Mol. Pharmacol., December 1, 2004; 66(6): 1599 - 1606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. A. Johnson, R. McKenzie, L. McLean, L. C. Sowers, and H. M. Fletcher 8-Oxo-7,8-Dihydroguanine Is Removed by a Nucleotide Excision Repair-Like Mechanism in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 J. Bacteriol., November 15, 2004; 186(22): 7697 - 7703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Vanterpool, F. Roy, and H. M. Fletcher The vimE Gene Downstream of vimA Is Independently Expressed and Is Involved in Modulating Proteolytic Activity in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Infect. Immun., October 1, 2004; 72(10): 5555 - 5564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Goulet, B. Britigan, K. Nakayama, and D. Grenier Cleavage of Human Transferrin by Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains Promotes Growth and Formation of Hydroxyl Radicals Infect. Immun., August 1, 2004; 72(8): 4351 - 4356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Andrian, D. Grenier, and M. Rouabhia In Vitro Models of Tissue Penetration and Destruction by Porphyromonas gingivalis Infect. Immun., August 1, 2004; 72(8): 4689 - 4698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Nadkarni, K.-A. Nguyen, C. C. Chapple, A. A. DeCarlo, N. A. Jacques, and N. Hunter Distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis Biotypes Defined by Alleles of the kgp (Lys-Gingipain) Gene J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 2004; 42(8): 3873 - 3876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K.-A. Nguyen, A. A. DeCarlo, M. Paramaesvaran, C. A. Collyer, D. B. Langley, and N. Hunter Humoral Responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipain Adhesin Domains in Subjects with Chronic Periodontitis Infect. Immun., March 1, 2004; 72(3): 1374 - 1382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Okahashi, H. Inaba, I. Nakagawa, T. Yamamura, M. Kuboniwa, K. Nakayama, S. Hamada, and A. Amano Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Receptor Activator of NF-{kappa}B Ligand Expression in Osteoblasts through the Activator Protein 1 Pathway Infect. Immun., March 1, 2004; 72(3): 1706 - 1714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Grenier, S. Roy, F. Chandad, P. Plamondon, M. Yoshioka, K. Nakayama, and D. Mayrand Effect of Inactivation of the Arg- and/or Lys-Gingipain Gene on Selected Virulence and Physiological Properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infect. Immun., August 1, 2003; 71(8): 4742 - 4748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Kamaguchi, T. Ohyama, E. Sakai, R. Nakamura, T. Watanabe, H. Baba, and K. Nakayama Adhesins encoded by the gingipain genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis are responsible for co-aggregation with Prevotella intermedia Microbiology, May 1, 2003; 149(5): 1257 - 1264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Paramaesvaran, K.-A. Nguyen, E. Caldon, J. A. McDonald, S. Najdi, G. Gonzaga, D. B. Langley, A. DeCarlo, M. J. Crossley, N. Hunter, et al. Porphyrin-Mediated Cell Surface Heme Capture from Hemoglobin by Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Bacteriol., April 15, 2003; 185(8): 2528 - 2537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Ueshima, M. Shoji, D. B. Ratnayake, K. Abe, S. Yoshida, K. Yamamoto, and K. Nakayama Purification, Gene Cloning, Gene Expression, and Mutants of Dps from the Obligate Anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis Infect. Immun., March 1, 2003; 71(3): 1170 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. P. Fong, L. Gao, and D. R. Demuth luxS and arcB Control Aerobic Growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans under Iron Limitation Infect. Immun., January 1, 2003; 71(1): 298 - 308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Hintermann, S. K. Haake, U. Christen, A. Sharabi, and V. Quaranta Discrete Proteolysis of Focal Contact and Adherens Junction Components in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Infected Oral Keratinocytes: a Strategy for Cell Adhesion and Migration Disabling Infect. Immun., October 1, 2002; 70(10): 5846 - 5856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-Y. Chen, K. J. Cross, R. A. Paolini, J. E. Fielding, N. Slakeski, and E. C. Reynolds CPG70 Is a Novel Basic Metallocarboxypeptidase with C-terminal Polycystic Kidney Disease Domains from Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Biol. Chem., June 21, 2002; 277(26): 23433 - 23440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. S. Rajapakse, N. M. O'Brien-Simpson, N. Slakeski, B. Hoffmann, and E. C. Reynolds Immunization with the RgpA-Kgp Proteinase-Adhesin Complexes of Porphyromonas gingivalis Protects against Periodontal Bone Loss in the Rat Periodontitis Model Infect. Immun., May 1, 2002; 70(5): 2480 - 2486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Shoji, D. B. Ratnayake, Y. Shi, T. Kadowaki, K. Yamamoto, F. Yoshimura, A. Akamine, M. A. Curtis, and K. Nakayama Construction and characterization of a nonpigmented mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis: cell surface polysaccharide as an anchorage for gingipains Microbiology, April 1, 2002; 148(4): 1183 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. M. O'Brien-Simpson, R. A. Paolini, B. Hoffmann, N. Slakeski, S. G. Dashper, and E. C. Reynolds Role of RgpA, RgpB, and Kgp Proteinases in Virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 in a Murine Lesion Model Infect. Immun., December 1, 2001; 69(12): 7527 - 7534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. P. Fong, W. O. Chung, R. J. Lamont, and D. R. Demuth Intra- and Interspecies Regulation of Gene Expression by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans LuxS Infect. Immun., December 1, 2001; 69(12): 7625 - 7634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Olczak, D. W. Dixon, and C. A. Genco Binding Specificity of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Heme and Hemoglobin Receptor HmuR, Gingipain K, and Gingipain R1 for Heme, Porphyrins, and Metalloporphyrins J. Bacteriol., October 1, 2001; 183(19): 5599 - 5608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Sroka, M. Sztukowska, J. Potempa, J. Travis, and C. A. Genco Degradation of Host Heme Proteins by Lysine- and Arginine-Specific Cysteine Proteinases (Gingipains) of Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Bacteriol., October 1, 2001; 183(19): 5609 - 5616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Grenier, S. Imbeault, P. Plamondon, G. Grenier, K. Nakayama, and D. Mayrand Role of Gingipains in Growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Presence of Human Serum Albumin Infect. Immun., August 1, 2001; 69(8): 5166 - 5172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. G. Dashper, L. Brownfield, N. Slakeski, P. S. Zilm, A. H. Rogers, and E. C. Reynolds Sodium Ion-Driven Serine/Threonine Transport in Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Bacteriol., July 15, 2001; 183(14): 4142 - 4148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Nisapakultorn, K. F. Ross, and M. C. Herzberg Calprotectin Expression In Vitro by Oral Epithelial Cells Confers Resistance to Infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis Infect. Immun., July 1, 2001; 69(7): 4242 - 4247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. O. Chung, Y. Park, R. J. Lamont, R. McNab, B. Barbieri, and D. R. Demuth Signaling System in Porphyromonas gingivalis Based on a LuxS Protein J. Bacteriol., July 1, 2001; 183(13): 3903 - 3909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Lourbakos, Y. Yuan, A. L. Jenkins, J. Travis, P. Andrade-Gordon, R. Santulli, J. Potempa, and R. N. Pike Activation of protease-activated receptors by gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis leads to platelet aggregation: a new trait in microbial pathogenicity Blood, June 15, 2001; 97(12): 3790 - 3797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kuboniwa, A. Amano, S. Shizukuishi, I. Nakagawa, and S. Hamada Specific Antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis Lys-Gingipain by DNA Vaccination Inhibit Bacterial Binding to Hemoglobin and Protect Mice from Infection Infect. Immun., May 1, 2001; 69(5): 2972 - 2979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. P. Henderson, E. E. Wyckoff, C. E. Rashidi, H. Verlei, and A. L. Oldham Characterization of the Plesiomonas shigelloides Genes Encoding the Heme Iron Utilization System J. Bacteriol., May 1, 2001; 183(9): 2715 - 2723. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Abaibou, Z. Chen, G. J. Olango, Y. Liu, J. Edwards, and H. M. Fletcher vimA Gene Downstream of recA Is Involved in Virulence Modulation in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Infect. Immun., January 1, 2001; 69(1): 325 - 335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.A. Curtis, J. Aduse-Opoku, and M. Rangarajan Cysteine Proteases of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, January 1, 2001; 12(3): 192 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Aduse-Opoku, N. N. Davies, A. Gallagher, A. Hashim, H. E. A. Evans, M. Rangarajan, J. M. Slaney, and M. A. Curtis Generation of Lys-gingipain protease activity in Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 is independent of Arg-gingipain protease activities Microbiology, August 1, 2000; 146(8): 1933 - 1940. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Y. Shi, W. Kong, and K. Nakayama Human Lactoferrin Binds and Removes the Hemoglobin Receptor Protein of the Periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Biol. Chem., September 22, 2000; 275(39): 30002 - 30008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]