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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 25, 18067-18074, June 18, 1999
-Cells
From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
To understand the role of the insulin receptor
pathway in
-cell function, we have generated stable
-cells
(
IRS1-A) that overexpress by 2-fold the insulin receptor substrate-1
(IRS-1) and compared them to vector-expressing controls. IRS-1
overexpression dramatically increased basal cytosolic
Ca2+ levels from 81 to 278 nM, but it did
not affect Ca2+ response to glucose. Overexpression of the
insulin receptor also caused an increase in cytosolic Ca2+.
Increased cytosolic Ca2+ was due to inhibition of
Ca2+ uptake by the endoplasmic reticulum, because
endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and content were reduced
in
IRS1-A cells. Fractional insulin secretion was significantly
increased 2-fold, and there was a decrease in
IRS1-A insulin content
and insulin biosynthesis. Steady-state insulin mRNA levels and
glucose-stimulated ATP were unchanged. High IRS-1 levels also reduced
-cell proliferation. These data demonstrate a direct link between
the insulin receptor signaling pathway and the
Ca2+-dependent pathways regulating insulin
secretion of
-cells. We postulate that during regulated insulin
secretion, released insulin binds the
-cell insulin receptor and
activates IRS-1, thus further increasing cytosolic Ca2+ by
reducing Ca2+ uptake. We suggest the existence of a novel
pathway of autocrine regulation of intracellular Ca2+
homeostasis and insulin secretion in the
-cell of the endocrine pancreas.
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