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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 26, 18651-18658, June 25, 1999
From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1109
Previous studies have suggested that the
interaction between the small adaptor protein Grb2 with the Ras guanyl
nucleotide exchange factor SOS is functionally important in the
regulation of the Ras activation/inactivation cycle. To examine the
relationship between the Grb2-SOS complex and Ras activation, we
observed that insulin stimulation results in a rapid but transient
activation of Ras and the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)
followed by dissociation of the Grb2-SOS complex. Although treatment
with the phorbol myristate acetate resulted in ERK activation and
complete dissociation of the Grb2-SOS complex, there was no effect on
subsequent insulin-stimulated Ras activation. Similarly, insulin
stimulation followed by insulin removal resulted in a
time-dependent restoration of the Grb2-SOS complex but
which was significantly slower than the recovery of insulin-stimulated
Ras activation. In addition, although insulin was able to activate Ras
under these conditions, there was a complete desensitization of Raf and
ERK activation. This apparent homologous desensitization of insulin
action was specific for Raf and ERK as the insulin re-stimulation of
insulin receptor autophosphorylation and protein kinase B activation
were unaffected. Together, these data demonstrate the presence of a pathway independent of the Grb2-SOS complex that can lead to Ras activation but that the desensitization of Raf accounts for the homologous desensitization of ERK.
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