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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 29, 20071-20074, July 16, 1999
From the Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Pediatrics,
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94143-0521
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-selective
transporting protein expressed in epithelial cells of serous acini in
salivary gland. We generated AQP5 null mice by targeted gene
disruption. The genotype distribution from intercross of founder AQP5
heterozygous mice was 70:69:29 wild-type:heterozygote:knockout,
indicating impaired prenatal survival of the null mice. The knockout
mice had grossly normal appearance, but grew ~20% slower than
litter-matched wild-type mice when placed on solid food after weaning.
Pilocarpine-stimulated saliva production was reduced by more than 60%
in AQP5 knockout mice. Compared with the saliva from wild-type mice,
the saliva from knockout mice was hypertonic (420 mosM) and dramatically more viscous. Amylase and
protein secretion, functions of salivary mucous cells, were not
affected by AQP5 deletion. Water channels AQP1 and AQP4 have also been
localized to salivary gland; however, pilocarpine stimulation studies
showed no defect in the volume or composition of saliva in AQP1 and
AQP4 knockout mice. These results implicate a key role for AQP5 in
saliva fluid secretion and provide direct evidence that high epithelial
cell membrane water permeability is required for active, near-isosmolar
fluid transport.
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