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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 3, 1415-1422, January 15, 1999
-regulated Variant of HOXA9
From the Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute of
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
The expression of the class 1 homeobox (HOX)
family of "master control" transcription factors has been studied
principally in embryogenesis and neoplasia in which HOX genes play a
critical role in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We wished to test whether HOX family members were also involved in a
differentiation-like process occurring in normal, diploid adult cells,
that is, cytokine-induced activation of endothelial cells (EC).
Screening of a human EC cDNA library yielded several members of the
A and B groups of HOX transcription factors. One clone represented a
novel, alternatively spliced variant of the human HOXA9
gene containing a new exon and the expression of which was driven by a
novel promoter. This variant termed HOXA9EC appeared restricted to cells of endothelial lineage, i.e. expressed
by human EC from multiple sources, but not by fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, or several transformed cell lines. HOXA9EC
mRNA was rapidly down-regulated in EC in response to tumor necrosis factor-
due to an apparent reduction in transcriptional rate. Reporter construct studies showed that the 400 base pairs of genomic DNA directly 5' to the transcription initiation site of
HOXA9EC contained the information required for both
up-regulation in response to cotransfection with a HOXA9EC
expression vector and tumor necrosis factor--dependent
down-regulation of this gene. These results provide evidence of a novel
HOX family member that may participate in either the suppression or the
genesis of EC activation.
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