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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 3, 1465-1471, January 15, 1999
From the Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust Building,
University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland and the
§ Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
The major glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) in
African trypanosomes are glycolipid A, the precursor of the variant
surface glycoprotein membrane anchor, and glycolipid C, a species
identical to glycolipid A except that it contains an acylated inositol. Both glycolipids A and C contain dimyristoyl glycerol and are efficiently labeled with [3H]myristate in a
cell-free system. We now report a novel GPI known as lipid X. This GPI
is radiolabeled strongly with [3H]palmitate (and very
poorly with [3H]myristate or [3H]stearate)
in digitonin-permeabilized cells. The structure of lipid X is
Man1GlcNAc-(2O-palmitoyl)-D-myo-inositol-1-HPO4-3(lyso-palmitoylglycerol). Metabolically, lipid X exists as an intermediate, and can be detected only under conditions in which its formation is stimulated
(e.g. by EDTA) or its breakdown is inhibited
(e.g. by Co2+). Lipid X has not been observed
previously because these conditions do not support GPI biosynthesis. We
speculate that lipid X is an intermediate in the catabolism of
conventional trypanosome GPIs, possibly deriving from breakdown of
glycolipid C.
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