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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 31, 21528-21532, July 30, 1999
,, and
From the Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and
We measured the insulin-stimulated amount of
Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 enzymatic activities in four breast cancer cell
lines and three prostate cancer cell lines. In the estrogen
receptor-deficient breast cancer cells and the androgen-insensitive
prostate cells, the amount of Akt3 enzymatic activity was approximately
20-60-fold higher than in the cells that were estrogen- or
androgen-responsive. In contrast, the levels of Akt1 and -2 were not
increased in these cells. The increase in Akt3 enzyme activity
correlated with an increase in both Akt3 mRNA and protein. In a
prostate cancer cell line lacking the tumor suppressor PTEN (a lipid
and protein phosphatase), the basal enzymatic activity of Akt3 was
constitutively elevated and represented the major active Akt in these
cells. Finally, reverse transcription-PCR was used to examine the Akt3
expression in 27 primary breast carcinomas. The expression levels of
Akt3 were significantly higher in the estrogen receptor-negative tumors in comparison to the estrogen receptor-positive tumors. To see if the
increase in Akt3 could be due to chromosomal abnormalities, the Akt3
gene was assigned to human chromosome 1q44 by fluorescence in
situ hybridization and radiation hybrid cell panel analyses. These results indicate that Akt3 may contribute to the more aggressive clinical phenotype of the estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers and
androgen-insensitive prostate carcinomas.
Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine,
Stanford, California 94305
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