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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 35, 24731-24736, August 27, 1999
From the Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio 44106
While studying the stress regulation of p70/85 S6
kinase (S6K), we observed that anisomycin and UV light stimulated S6K
activity, but that sorbitol inactivated S6K. Pretreatment with
hyperosmotic stress also prevented the activation of S6K by both
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and anisomycin.
Comparison of sorbitol and rapamycin revealed that both agents
inactivated S6K and caused dephosphorylation of Ser/Thr-Pro sites in
the COOH terminus of S6K, including Thr412, a residue
essential to S6K regulation, as determined by phospho-specific antibodies. Rapamycin-resistant S6K truncation mutants were similarly resistant to deactivation by sorbitol. Additionally, the PHAS-1 mobility shift, which is sensitive to rapamycin, was also found to be
sensitive to osmotic stress. Experiments using the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and dominant negative mutants involving both stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 stress
pathways indicated that these pathways are probably not involved in
osmotic stress inhibition of S6K. Examining the potential involvement of a phosphatase, we found that sodium pyrophosphate, sodium vanadate, cyclosporin A, tautomycin, and okadaic acid had no effect on osmotic stress inhibition of S6K. However, calyculin A prevented both rapamycin- and sorbitol-mediated deactivation of S6K. Our results suggest that osmotic stress and rapamycin act through a calyculin A-sensitive phosphatase to cause dephosphorylation and deactivation of
S6K.
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