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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 36, 25227-25236, September 3, 1999
From the Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town Medical School, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
From the Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, C. H. Best Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
From the Department of Physiology, University of Aarhus,
DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
The nucleotide binding properties of mutants with
alterations to Asp351 and four of the other residues
in the conserved phosphorylation loop,
351DKTGTLT357, of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca2+-ATPase were investigated using an assay based on the
2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-8-azidoadenosine triphosphate (TNP-8N3-ATP) photolabeling of
Lys492 and competition with ATP. In selected cases where
the competition assay showed extremely high affinity, ATP binding was
also measured by a direct filtration assay. At pH 8.5 in the absence of
Ca2+, mutations removing the negative charge of
Asp351 (D351N, D351A, and D351T) produced pumps that bound
MgTNP-8N3-ATP and MgATP with affinities 20-156-fold higher
than wild type (KD as low as 0.006 µM), whereas the affinity of mutant D351E was comparable
with wild type. Mutations K352R, K352Q, T355A, and T357A lowered the
affinity for MgATP and MgTNP-8N3-ATP 2-1000- and
1-6-fold, respectively, and mutation L356T completely prevented photolabeling of Lys492. In the absence of
Ca2+, mutants D351N and D351A exhibited the highest
nucleotide affinities in the presence of Mg2+ and at
alkaline pH (E1 state). The affinity of mutant D351A for MgATP was
extraordinarily high in the presence of Ca2+
(KD = 0.001 µM), suggesting a
transition state like configuration at the active site under these
conditions. The mutants with reduced ATP affinity, as well as mutants
D351N and D351A, exhibited reduced or zero CrATP-induced
Ca2+ occlusion due to defective CrATP binding.
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