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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 36, 25933-25944, September 3, 1999
From the Departments of Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) has been implicated
in promoting oxidative tissue injury in conditions ranging from asthma
and other allergic inflammatory disorders to cancer and
parasitic/helminthic infections. Studies thus far on this unique
peroxidase have primarily focused on its unusual substrate preference
for bromide (Br
Eosinophil Peroxidase Nitrates Protein Tyrosyl Residues
IMPLICATIONS FOR OXIDATIVE DAMAGE BY NITRATING INTERMEDIATES IN
EOSINOPHILIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
§,§¶
Cell Biology and
¶ Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and the § Chemistry Department, Cleveland State University,
Cleveland, Ohio 63119
) and the pseudohalide thiocyanate
(SCN) forming potent hypohalous acids as cytotoxic
oxidants. However, the ability of EPO to generate reactive nitrogen
species has not yet been reported. We now demonstrate that EPO readily
uses nitrite (NO2), a major
end-product of nitric oxide (·NO) metabolism, as substrate to
generate a reactive intermediate that nitrates protein tyrosyl residues
in high yield. EPO-catalyzed nitration of tyrosine occurred more
readily than bromination at neutral pH, plasma levels of halides, and
pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of
NO2. Furthermore, EPO was
significantly more effective than MPO at promoting tyrosine nitration
in the presence of plasma levels of halides. Whereas recent studies
suggest that MPO can also promote protein nitration through indirect
oxidation of NO2 with HOCl, we
found no evidence that EPO can indirectly mediate protein
nitration by a similar reaction between HOBr and
NO2. EPO-dependent
nitration of tyrosine was modulated over a physiologically relevant
range of SCN concentrations and was accompanied by
formation of tyrosyl radical addition products (e.g.
o,o'-dityrosine, pulcherosine, trityrosine). The potential role
of specific antioxidants and nucleophilic scavengers on yields of
tyrosine nitration and bromination by EPO are examined. Thus, EPO may
contribute to nitrotyrosine formation in inflammatory conditions
characterized by recruitment and activation of eosinophils.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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