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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 38, 26869-26877, September 17, 1999
From the Department of Tumor Immunology, University Hospital
Nijmegen St. Radboud, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
To elucidate the role of the cytoskeleton
regulating avidity or affinity changes in the leukocyte adhesion
receptor lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)
(
L
2), we generated mutant cytoplasmic LFA-1 receptors and expressed these into the
erythroleukemic cell line K562. We determined whether intercellular
adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-mediated adhesion of LFA-1, lacking parts
of its cytoplasmic tails, is regulated through receptor
diffusion/clustering and/or by altered ligand binding affinity. All
cytoplasmic deletion mutants that lack the complete
2
cytoplasmic tail and/or the conserved KVGFFKR sequence in the
L cytoplasmic tail were constitutively active and
expressed high levels of the activation epitopes NKI-L16 and M24.
Surprisingly, whereas these mutants showed a clustered cell surface
distribution of LFA-1, the ligand-binding affinity as measured by
titration of soluble ligand ICAM-1 remained unaltered. The notion that
redistribution of LFA-1 does not alter ligand-binding affinity is
further supported by the finding that disruption of the cytoskeleton by
cytochalasin D did not alter the binding affinity nor adhesion to
ICAM-1 of these mutants. Most cytoplasmic deletion mutants that
spontaneously bound ICAM-1 were not capable to spread on ICAM-1,
demonstrating that on these mutants LFA-1 is not coupled to the actin
cytoskeleton. From these data we conclude that LFA-1-mediated cell
adhesion to ICAM-1 is predominantly regulated by receptor clustering
and that affinity alterations do not necessarily coincide with strong
ICAM-1 binding.
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