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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 38, 26869-26877, September 17, 1999

The Actin Cytoskeleton Regulates LFA-1 Ligand Binding through Avidity Rather than Affinity Changes

Yvette van Kooyk, Sandra J. van Vliet, and Carl G. Figdor

From the Department of Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Nijmegen St. Radboud, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands

To elucidate the role of the cytoskeleton regulating avidity or affinity changes in the leukocyte adhesion receptor lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (alpha Lbeta 2), we generated mutant cytoplasmic LFA-1 receptors and expressed these into the erythroleukemic cell line K562. We determined whether intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-mediated adhesion of LFA-1, lacking parts of its cytoplasmic tails, is regulated through receptor diffusion/clustering and/or by altered ligand binding affinity. All cytoplasmic deletion mutants that lack the complete beta 2 cytoplasmic tail and/or the conserved KVGFFKR sequence in the alpha L cytoplasmic tail were constitutively active and expressed high levels of the activation epitopes NKI-L16 and M24. Surprisingly, whereas these mutants showed a clustered cell surface distribution of LFA-1, the ligand-binding affinity as measured by titration of soluble ligand ICAM-1 remained unaltered. The notion that redistribution of LFA-1 does not alter ligand-binding affinity is further supported by the finding that disruption of the cytoskeleton by cytochalasin D did not alter the binding affinity nor adhesion to ICAM-1 of these mutants. Most cytoplasmic deletion mutants that spontaneously bound ICAM-1 were not capable to spread on ICAM-1, demonstrating that on these mutants LFA-1 is not coupled to the actin cytoskeleton. From these data we conclude that LFA-1-mediated cell adhesion to ICAM-1 is predominantly regulated by receptor clustering and that affinity alterations do not necessarily coincide with strong ICAM-1 binding.


Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.



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