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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 39, 27905-27913, September 24, 1999
,
From the The effects of a transient exposure to hydrogen
peroxide (10 min at 200 µM
H2O2) on pancreatic beta cell signal
transduction and insulin secretion have been evaluated. In rat islets,
insulin secretion evoked by glucose (16.7 mM) or by the
mitochondrial substrate methyl succinate (5 mM) was
markedly blunted following exposure to H2O2. In
contrast, the secretory response induced by plasma membrane
depolarization (20 mM KCl) was not significantly affected.
Similar results were obtained in insulinoma INS-1 cells using glucose
(12.8 mM) as secretagogue. After
H2O2 treatment, glucose no longer depolarized
the membrane potential (
Division of Clinical Biochemistry and the
§ Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine,
University Medical Center, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

) of INS-1 cells or increased cytosolic
Ca2+. Both 
and Ca2+ responses were still
observed with 30 mM KCl despite an elevated baseline of
cytosolic Ca2+ appearing ~10 min after exposure to
H2O2. The mitochondrial 
of INS-1 cells
was depolarized by H2O2 abolishing the
hyperpolarizing action of glucose. These 
changes correlated with
altered mitochondrial morphology; the latter was not preserved by the
overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Mitochondrial
Ca2+ was increased following exposure to
H2O2 up to the micromolar range. No further
augmentation occurred after glucose addition, which normally raises
this parameter. Nevertheless, KCl was still efficient in enhancing
mitochondrial Ca2+. Cytosolic ATP was markedly reduced by
H2O2 treatment, probably explaining the
decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+. Taken together, these
data point to the mitochondria as primary targets for
H2O2 damage, which will eventually interrupt
the transduction of signals normally coupling glucose metabolism to
insulin secretion.
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