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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 4, 1957-1965, January 22, 1999

Subunit
in Human Embryonal Kidney 293 Cells
From the Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku,
Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
Heterotrimeric G protein 
subunit (G
)
mediates signals to two types of stress-activated protein kinases,
c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38
mitogen-activated protein kinase, in mammalian cells. To investigate
the signaling mechanism whereby G
regulates the activity of JNK,
we transfected kinase-deficient mutants of two JNK kinases,
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and 7 (MKK7), into
human embryonal kidney 293 cells. G
-induced JNK activation was
blocked by kinase-deficient MKK4 and to a lesser extent by
kinase-deficient MKK7. Moreover, G
increased MKK4 activity by
6-fold and MKK7 activity by 2-fold. MKK4 activation by G
was
blocked by dominant-negative Rho and Cdc42, whereas MKK7 activation was
blocked by dominant-negative Rac. In addition, G
-mediated MKK4
activation, but not MKK7 activation, was inhibited completely by
specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors PP2 and PP1. These results indicate
that G
induces JNK activation mainly through MKK4 activation
dependent on Rho, Cdc42, and tyrosine kinase, and to a lesser extent
through MKK7 activation dependent on Rac.
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