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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 4, 2009-2013, January 22, 1999
From the Institut Cochin de Génétique
Moléculaire, U.129 INSERM Unité de Recherches en
Physiologie et Pathologie Génétiques et Moléculaires,
75014 Paris, France
In the liver, transcription of several genes
encoding lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes, in particular the gene for
fatty acid synthase (FAS), is known to be stimulated by dietary
carbohydrates. The molecular dissection of the FAS promoter pointed out
the critical role of an E box motif, located at position
65 with
respect to the start site of transcription, in mediating the glucose-
and insulin-dependent regulation of the gene. Upstream
stimulatory factors (USF1 and USF2) and sterol response element binding
protein 1 (SREBP1) were shown to be able to interact in
vitro with this E box. However, to date, the relative
contributions of USFs and SREBP1 ex vivo remain
controversial. To gain insight into the specific roles of these factors
in vivo, we have analyzed the glucose responsiveness of
hepatic FAS gene expression in USF1 and USF2 knock-out mice. In both
types of mouse lines, defective in either USF1 or USF2, induction of
the FAS gene by refeeding a carbohydrate-rich diet was severely
delayed, whereas expression of SREBP1 was almost normal and insulin
response unchanged. Therefore, USF transactivators, and especially
USF1/USF2 heterodimers, seem to be essential to sustain the dietary
induction of the FAS gene in the liver.
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