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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 41, 29138-29148, October 8, 1999

Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Interferon gamma  and Transforming Growth Factor alpha  in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and Squamous Carcinoma Cells
ROLE OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES

Hironori MatsuuraDagger §, Morito SakaueDagger §, Kotha Subbaramaiahparallel , Hideki Kamitani**, Thomas E. Eling**, Andrew J. Dannenbergparallel , Tadashi Tanabe§, Hiroyasu Inoue§, Jiro ArataDagger Dagger , and Anton M. JettenDagger

From the Dagger  Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Pulmonary Pathobiology, the ** Eicosanoid Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, parallel  New York Presbyterian Hospital Strang Cancer Prevention Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Division of Digestive Diseases, New York, New York 10021, the § Department of Pharmacology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Osaka, Suita, 565-8565, Japan, and the Dagger Dagger  Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Medical School, Shikata-chô 2-5-1, Okayama 700, Japan

Treatment of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma ) causes a 9-fold increase in the level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression. Nuclear run-off assays indicate that this induction is at least partly due to increased transcription. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway due to the enhanced transforming growth factor alpha  (TGFalpha ) expression plays an important role in the induction of COX-2 by IFN-gamma . This is supported by the ability of TGFalpha to rapidly induce COX-2 and the inhibition of the IFN-gamma -mediated COX-2 mRNA induction by an EGFR antibody and EGFR-selective kinase inhibitors. Deletion and mutation analysis indicates the importance of the proximal cAMP-response element/ATF site in the transcriptional control of this gene by TGFalpha . The increase in COX-2 mRNA by TGFalpha requires activation of both the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Inhibition of p38 MAPK decreases the stability of COX-2 mRNA, while inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) does not. These results suggest that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway controls COX-2 at the level of mRNA stability, while the ERK signaling pathway regulates COX-2 at the level of transcription. In contrast to NHEK, IFN-gamma and TGFalpha are not very effective in inducing TGFalpha or COX-2 expression in several squamous carcinoma cell lines, indicating alterations in both IFN-gamma and TGFalpha response pathways.


Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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