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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 45, 32071-32078, November 5, 1999
From the Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich,
CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland
Mx proteins are large GTPases, which play a
pivotal role in the interferon type I-mediated response against viral
infections. The human MxA inhibits the replication of several RNA
viruses and is organized in oligomeric structures. Using two different experimental approaches, the mammalian two-hybrid system and an interaction dependent nuclear translocation approach, three domains in
the carboxyl-terminal moiety were identified that are involved in the
oligomerization of MxA. The first consists of a carboxyl-terminal amphipathic helix (LZ1), which binds to a more proximal part of the
same molecule. This intramolecular backfolding is a prerequisite for
the formation of an intermolecular complex. This intermolecular interaction is mediated by two domains, a poorly defined region generated by the intramolecular interaction and a domain located between amino acids 363 and 415. Co-expression of wild-type MxA with
various mutant fragments thereof revealed that the presence of the
carboxyl-terminal region comprising the amphipathic helices LZ1 and LZ2
is necessary and sufficient to exert a dominant negative effect. This
finding suggests that the functional interference of the
carboxyl-terminal region is due to competition for binding of an as yet
unidentified cellular or viral target molecules.
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