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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 46, 32936-32942, November 12, 1999
,
From the Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and the Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases 1 and 2 (PGHS-1 and -2) are the major targets of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs. Both isozymes are integral membrane proteins but lack
transmembrane domains. X-ray crystallographic studies have led to the
hypothesis that PGHS-1 and -2 associate with only one face of the
membrane bilayer through a novel, monotopic membrane binding domain
(MBD) that is comprised of four short, consecutive, amphipathic
University of Seoul,
Department of Life Science, Seoul 130-743, South Korea
-helices (helices A-D) that include residues 74-122 in ovine
PGHS-1 (oPGHS-1) and residues 59-108 in human PGHS-2 (hPGHS-2).
Previous biochemical studies from our laboratory showed that the MBD of
oPGHS-1 lies somewhere between amino acids 25 and 166. In studies
reported here, membrane-associated forms of oPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2 were
labeled using the hydrophobic, photoactivable reagent
3-trifluoro-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine,
isolated, and cleaved with AspN and/or GluC, and the photolabeled
peptides were sequenced. The results establish that the MBDs of oPGHS-1
and hPGHS-2 reside within residues 74-140 and 59-111, respectively,
and thus provide direct provide biochemical support for the hypothesis
that PGHS-1 and -2 do associate with membranes through a monotopic MBD.
We also prepared HelA, HelB, and HelC mutants of oPGHS-1, in which, for
each helix, three or four hydrophobic residues expected to protrude
into the membrane were replaced with small, neutral residues. When
expressed in COS-1 cells, HelA and HelC mutants exhibited little or no
catalytic activity and were present, at least in part, as misfolded
aggregates. The HelB mutant retained about 20% of the cyclooxygenase
activity of native oPGHS-1 and partitioned in subcellular fractions
like native oPGHS-1; however, the HelB mutant exhibited an extra site of N-glycosylation at Asn104. When this
glycosylation site was eliminated (HelB/N104Q mutation), the mutant
lacked cyclooxygenase activity. Thus, our mutational analyses indicate
that the amphipathic character of each helix is important for the
assembly and folding of oPGHS-1 to a cyclooxygenase active form.
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