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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 47, 33571-33579, November 19, 1999

Activation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase ERK1 during Meiotic Progression of Mouse Pachytene Spermatocytes

Claudio Sette, Marco Barchi, Andrea Bianchini, Marco Conti, Pellegrino Rossi, and Raffaele Geremia

From the Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Sezione di Anatomia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Via O. Raimondo 8, 00173, Rome, Italy and the  Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305-5317

Okadaic acid (OA) causes meiotic progression and chromosome condensation in cultured pachytene spermatocytes and an increase in maturation promoting factor (cyclin B1/cdc2 kinase) activity, as evaluated by H1 phosphorylative activity in anti-cyclin B1 immunoprecipitates. OA also induces a strong increase of phosphorylative activity toward the mitogen-activated protein kinase substrate myelin basic protein (MBP). Immunoprecipitation experiments with anti-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) or anti-ERK2 antibodies followed by MBP kinase assays, and direct in-gel kinase assays for MBP, show that p44/ERK1 but not p42/ERK2 is stimulated in OA-treated spermatocytes. OA treatment stimulates phosphorylation of ERK1, but not of ERK2, on a tyrosine residue involved in activation of the enzyme. ERK1 immunoprecipitated from extracts of OA-stimulated spermatocytes induces a stimulation of H1 kinase activity in extracts from control pachytene spermatocytes, whereas immunoprecipitated ERK2 is uneffective. We also show that natural G₂/M transition in spermatocytes is associated to intracellular redistribution of ERKs, and their association with microtubules of the metaphase spindle. Preincubation of cultured pachytene spermatocytes with PD98059 (a selective inhibitor of ERK-activating kinases MEK1/2) completely blocks the ability of OA to induce chromosome condensation and progression to meiotic metaphases. These results suggest that ERK1 is specifically activated during G₂/M transition in mouse spermatocytes, that it contributes to the mechanisms of maturation promoting factor activation, and that it is essential for chromosome condensation associated with progression to meiotic metaphases.

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