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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 48, 34123-34128, November 26, 1999
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§,
,
, and
From the Treatment of the human promonocytic cell line
U937 with all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) commits these cells
to apoptosis, which can be triggered by simply increasing intracellular
calcium levels by the ionophore A23187. RA treatment of U937 cells is
characterized by a decrease in Bcl-2 and marked induction of
"tissue" transglutaminase (tTG) gene expression. In this study, we
show that the inhibition of tTG expression in U937 cells undergoing
apoptosis prevents their death. In fact, U937 cell-derived clones
transfected with the human tTG gene in the antisense orientation showed
a pronounced decrease in apoptosis induced by several stimuli. These
findings demonstrate that the Ca2+-dependent
irreversible cross-linking of intracellular proteins catalyzed by tTG
represents an important biochemical event in the gene-regulated cell
death in monoblasts. In addition, our data indicate that the apoptotic
program in promonocytic cells is strictly regulated by RA and that a
key role is played by the free intracellular calcium concentration.
Department of Biology, University of Rome
"Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy, the § Laboratory of
Electron Microscopy and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a
Carattere Scientifico "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy, and
the
Department of Environmental Sciences, "La Tuscia"
University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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