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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 49, 34911-34915, December 3, 1999
From the Molecular Aspects of Drug Design Section, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) represent a
superfamily of proteins that mediate the function of neurotransmitters
and peptide hormones and are involved in viral entry and perception of
light, smell, and taste. GPCRs are characterized by the presence of
seven transmembrane domains (TMs). We demonstrate here that structural
analogs of individual TMs of GPCRs can serve as potent and specific
receptor antagonists. Peptides derived from the transmembrane regions
of CXCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptors specifically inhibited receptor
signaling and the in vitro replication of human
immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) at concentrations as low as 0.2 µM.
Similarly, peptides mimicking the TMs of cholecystokinin receptor A,
were found to abolish ligand binding and signaling through the
receptor. Negative charges positioned at the extracellular termini of
peptide antagonists appeared to be important for correct spontaneous
insertion of the compounds into the cell membrane and for their
activity. Targeting of the specific interactions between transmembrane
domains of GPCRs is suggested as a general sequence-based method to
disrupt receptor function for application in drug design and for
structure-function studies of the receptors.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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