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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 49, 34961-34966, December 3, 1999

Nuclear Import of Metallothionein Requires Its mRNA to Be Associated with the Perinuclear Cytoskeleton

Marilyne LevadouxDagger , Connor MahonDagger , John H. BeattieDagger , Heather M. Wallace, and John E. HeskethDagger

From the Dagger  Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, United Kingdom and the  Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom

The influence of mRNA localization on metallothionein-1 protein distribution was studied by immunocytochemistry. We used Chinese hamster ovary cells that had been transfected with either a native metallothionein-1 gene construct or metallothionein-1 5'-untranslated region and coding sequences linked to the 3'-untranslated region from glutathione peroxidase. The change in the 3'-untranslated region caused the delocalization of the mRNA with a loss of the perinuclear localization and association with the cytoskeleton. Clones were selected which expressed similar levels of metallothionein-1 protein, as assessed by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that loss of metallothionein-1 mRNA localization was associated with a loss of metallothionein-1 protein localization, most notably with a lack of metallothionein-1 protein in the nucleus of synchronized cells which were beginning to synthesize DNA. This indicates that the association of metallothionein-1 mRNA with the cytoskeleton around the nucleus is essential for efficient shuttling of the protein into the nucleus during the G1 to S phase transition. This is the first demonstration of a physiological role for perinuclear mRNA localization and we propose that such localization may be important for a wide range of nuclear proteins, including those that shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm in a cell cycle dependent manner.


Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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