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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 50, 35553-35561, December 10, 1999
From the Department of Biology, Division of Cell and Molecular
Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
The inhibition of growth hormone (GH) signaling
by five members of the GH-inducible suppressor of cytokine signaling
(SOCS/CIS) family was investigated in transfected COS cells. Complete
inhibition of GH activation of the signal transducer STAT5b and
STAT5b-dependent transcriptional activity was observed upon
expression of SOCS-1 or SOCS-3, while partial inhibition (CIS, SOCS-2)
or no inhibition (SOCS-6) was seen with other SOCS/CIS family members.
SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, and CIS each strongly inhibited the GH receptor (GHR)-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 seen at
low levels of transfected JAK2; however, only SOCS-1 strongly inhibited
the GHR-independent tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 seen at higher JAK2 levels. To probe for interactions with GHR, in vitro
binding assays were carried out using glutathione
S-transferase-GHR fusion proteins containing variable
lengths of GHR's COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domain. CIS and SOCS-2
bound to fusions containing as few as 80 COOH-terminal GHR residues,
provided the fusion protein was tyrosine-phosphorylated. By contrast,
SOCS-3 binding required tyrosine-phosphorylated GHR membrane-proximal
sequences, SOCS-1 binding was tyrosine phosphorylation-independent, and
SOCS-6 did not bind the GHR fusion proteins at all. Mutation of GHR's
membrane-proximal tyrosine residues 333 and 338 to phenylalanine suppressed the inhibition by SOCS-3, but not by CIS, of GH signaling to
STAT5b. SOCS/CIS proteins can thus inhibit GH signaling to STAT5b by
three distinct mechanisms, distinguished by their molecular targets
within the GHR-JAK2 signaling complex, as exemplified by SOCS-1 (direct
JAK2 kinase inhibition), SOCS-3 (inhibition of JAK2 signaling via
membrane-proximal GHR tyrosines 333 and 338), and CIS and SOCS-2
(inhibition via membrane-distal tyrosine(s)).
SOCS/CIS Protein Inhibition of Growth Hormone-stimulated STAT5
Signaling by Multiple Mechanisms*
*
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of
Health Grant DK33765 (to D. J. W.)The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of
Biology, 5 Cummington St., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-353-7404;
E-mail: djw@bio.bu.edu.
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