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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 50, 35950-35954, December 10, 1999

Amplification of Signaling Activity of the Arc Two-component System of Escherichia coli by Anaerobic Metabolites
AN IN VITRO STUDY WITH DIFFERENT PROTEIN MODULES^*

Dimitris Georgellis, Ohsuk Kwon, and Edmund C. C. Lin^§

From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

In Escherichia coli, changes in redox condition of growth are sensed and signaled by the Arc two-component system. This system consists of ArcB as the membrane-associated sensor kinase and ArcA as the cytoplasmic response regulator. ArcB is a tripartite kinase, possessing a primary transmitter, a receiver, and a secondary transmitter domain that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ArcA via a His  Asp  His  Asp phosphorelay, as well as the dephosphorylation of ArcA-P by a reverse phosphorelay. When ArcA and ArcB were incubated with ATP, the peak levels of phosphorylated proteins increased in the presence of the fermentation metabolites D-lactate, acetate, or pyruvate. In this study, we report that these effectors accelerate the autophosphorylation activity of ArcB and enhance the transphosphorylation of ArcA, but have no effect on the dephosphorylation of ArcA-P. Moreover, the presence of the receiver domain of ArcB is essential for the effectors to influence the autophosphorylation rate of the primary transmitter domain of ArcB.

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^* This work was supported in part by United States Public Health Service Grants GM40993 and GM30693 from the NIGMS of the National Institutes of Health.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Supported by Fellowship B-PD 11474-301 from the Swedish Natural Science Research Council.

^§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115. Tel.: 617-432-1925; Fax: 617-738-7664; E-mail: elin@hms.harvard.edu.

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Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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