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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 53, 37525-37532, December 31, 1999

The Adapter Protein Crkl Links Cbl to C3G after Integrin Ligation and Enhances Cell Migration*

Naoki Uemura and James D. GriffinDagger §

From the Dagger  Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Crkl, an SH2-SH3-SH3 adapter protein, is one of the major tyrosine phosphoproteins detected in cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Crkl binds to BCR/ABL through its N-terminal SH3 domain and is known to interact with several signaling proteins that have been implicated in integrin signaling, including Cbl, Cas, Hef-1, and paxillin. We have previously shown that overexpression of Crkl enhances adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins through beta 1 integrins. In this study, the effects of Crkl on spontaneous and chemokine-directed migration of the hematopoietic cell line Ba/F3 were examined. Full-length, SH2-, and SH3(N)-domain deletion mutants of Crkl were expressed transiently as fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein. Successfully transfected cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The ability of these cells to migrate across a fibronectin-coated membrane, either spontaneously or in response to the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1alpha , was determined. Cells expressing green fluorescent protein alone were not distinguishable from untransfected or mock transfected Ba/F3 cells. However, Ba/F3 cells overexpressing full-length Crkl were found to have an increase in spontaneous migration of 2.8 ± 0.6-fold in seven independent assays. The enhancement of migration required both the SH2 domain and the N-terminal SH3 domain. Migration in response to stromal-derived factor-1alpha was not significantly enhanced by overexpression of Crkl. Overexpression of Crkii also augmented spontaneous migration but to a lesser degree than did Crkl. Because the SH2 domain was required for enhanced migration, we looked for changes in phosphotyrosine containing proteins coprecipitating with Crkl, but not Crkl Delta SH2, after integrin cross-linking. Full-length Crkl, but not CrklDelta SH2, coprecipitated with a single major tyrosine phosphoprotein with an Mr of approximately 120 kDa, identified as Cbl. The major Crkl SH3-binding protein in these cells was found to be the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, C3G. Interestingly, overexpression of C3G also enhanced migration, suggesting that a Cbl-Crkl-C3G complex may be involved in migration signaling in Ba/F3 cells. These data suggest that Crkl is involved in signaling pathways that regulate migration, possibly through a complex with Cbl and C3G.

* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants CA36167 and DK560654 (to J. D. G.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115. Tel.: 617-632-3360; Fax: 617-632-4388.

Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.


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