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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 53, 37862-37868, December 31, 1999

X-ray Crystal Structure of Human Dopamine Sulfotransferase, SULT1A3
MOLECULAR MODELING AND QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATE A MOLECULAR BASIS FOR SULFOTRANSFERASE SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY*

Rana DajaniDagger , Anne Cleasby§, Margarete Neu§, Alan J. Wonacott§, Harren Jhoti§, Alan M. Hood, Sandeep Modi, Anne Hersey, Jyrki Taskinen∥, Robert M. Cooke§, Gary R. Manchee, and Michael W. H. Coughtrie**

From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom, the § Protein Science Unit, Glaxo Wellcome Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom,  Research Biomet, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, United Kingdom, and the ∥ Department of Pharmacy, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland

Humans are one of the few species that produce large amounts of catecholamine sulfates, and they have evolved a specific sulfotransferase, SULT1A3 (M-PST), to catalyze the formation of these conjugates. An orthologous protein has yet to be found in other species. To further our understanding of the molecular basis for the unique substrate selectivity of this enzyme, we have solved the crystal structure of human SULT1A3, complexed with 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP), at 2.5 Å resolution and carried out quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis with a series of phenols and catechols. SULT1A3 adopts a similar fold to mouse estrogen sulfotransferase, with a central five-stranded beta -sheet surrounded by alpha -helices. SULT1A3 is a dimer in solution but crystallized with a monomer in the asymmetric unit of the cell, although dimer interfaces were formed by interaction across crystallographic 2-fold axes. QSAR analysis revealed that the enzyme is highly selective for catechols, and catecholamines in particular, and that hydrogen bonding groups and lipophilicity (cLogD) strongly influenced Km. We also investigated further the role of Glu146 in SULT1A3 using site-directed mutagenesis and showed that it plays a key role not only in defining selectivity for dopamine but also in preventing many phenolic xenobiotics from binding to the enzyme.


* This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (to M. W. H. C.) and in part by Commission of the European Communities Grant BMH4-CT97-2621 (to M. W. H. C. and J. T.) and by an equipment grant from the Wellcome Trust (to M. W. H. C.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger Present address: Structural Biology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Rd., Chelsea, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.

** To whom correspondence should be addressed.: Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom. Tel.: 44-1382-632510; Fax: 44-1382-640320; E-mail: m.w.h.coughtrie@dundee.ac.uk.


Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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