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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 9, 5716-5722, February 26, 1999
Induces Formation of a
Dithiothreitol-resistant Type I/Type II Receptor Complex in Live
Cells
From b The Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, e Department of
Neurobiochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, a Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and i Department of Biology,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139
Transforming growth factor-
(TGF-
) binds to
and signals via two serine-threonine kinase receptors, the type I
(T
RI) and type II (T
RII) receptors. We have used different and
complementary techniques to study the physical nature and ligand
dependence of the complex formed by T
RI and T
RII. Velocity
centrifugation of endogenous receptors suggests that ligand-bound
T
RI and T
RII form a heteromeric complex that is most likely a
heterotetramer. Antibody-mediated immunofluorescence co-patching of
epitope-tagged receptors provides the first evidence in live cells that
T
RI·T
RII complex formation occurs at a low but measurable
degree in the absence of ligand, increasing significantly after TGF-
binding. In addition, we demonstrate that pretreatment of cells with
dithiothreitol, which inhibits the binding of TGF-
to T
RI, does
not prevent formation of the T
RI·T
RII complex, but increases
its sensitivity to detergent and prevents TGF-
-activated T
RI from
phosphorylating Smad3 in vitro. This indicates that either
a specific conformation of the T
RI·T
RII complex, disrupted by
dithiothreitol, or direct binding of TGF-
to T
RI is required for signaling.
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