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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 10, 6741-6748, March 10, 2000
-Phenyl-N-t-butyl Nitrone, Is
More Potent in Delaying Senescence in Human Lung Fibroblasts*
From the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720-3202
-Phenyl-N-t-butyl
nitrone (PBN), a spin trap, scavenges hydroxyl radicals, protects
tissues from oxidative injury, and delays senescence of both normal
human lung fibroblasts (IMR90) and senescence-accelerated mice.
N-t-butyl hydroxylamine and benzaldehyde are
the breakdown products of PBN. N-t-Butyl
hydroxylamine delays senescence of IMR90 cells at concentrations as low
as 10 µM compared with 200 µM PBN to
produce a similar effect, suggesting that
N-t-butyl hydroxylamine is the active form of
PBN. N-Benzyl hydroxylamine and N-methyl
hydroxylamine compounds unrelated to PBN were also effective in
delaying senescence, suggesting the active functional group is the
N-hydroxylamine. All the N-hydroxylamines
tested significantly decreased the endogenous production of oxidants, as measured by the oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin and the
increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio. The acceleration of senescence induced
by hydrogen peroxide is reversed by the N-hydroxylamines. DNA damage, as determined by the level of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites,
also decreased significantly following treatment with
N-hydroxylamines. The N-hydroxylamines appear
to be effective through mitochondria; they delay
age-dependent changes in mitochondria as measured by accumulation of rhodamine-123, they prevent reduction of cytochrome CFeIII by superoxide radical, and they reverse an
age-dependent decay of mitochondrial aconitase, suggesting
they react with the superoxide radical.
To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed:
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHORI, 5700 Martin
Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609. Tel.: 510-450-7625; Fax:
510-597-7128; E-mail: bnames@uclink4.berkeley.edu.
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