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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 12, 8283-8286, March 24, 2000

ACCELERATED PUBLICATION
Evidence That ThiI, an Enzyme Shared between Thiamin and 4-Thiouridine Biosynthesis, May Be a Sulfurtransferase That Proceeds through a Persulfide Intermediate^*

Peter M. Palenchar^§, Christopher J. Buck, Hui Cheng^¶, Timothy J. Larson^¶, and Eugene G. Mueller

From the  Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 and the ^¶ Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061

ThiI is an enzyme common to the biosynthetic pathways leading to both thiamin and 4-thiouridine in tRNA. Comparison of the ThiI sequence with protein sequences in the data bases revealed that the Escherichia coli enzyme contains a C-terminal extension displaying sequence similarity to the sulfurtransferase rhodanese. Cys-456 of ThiI aligns with the active site cysteine residue of rhodanese that transiently forms a persulfide during catalysis. We investigated the functional importance of this sequence similarity and discovered that, like rhodanese, ThiI catalyzes the transfer of sulfur from thiosulfate to cyanide. Mutation of Cys-456 to alanine impairs this sulfurtransferase activity, and the C456A ThiI is incapable of supporting generation of 4-thiouridine in tRNA both in vitro and in vivo. We therefore conclude that Cys-456 of ThiI is critical for activity and propose that Cys-456 transiently forms a persulfide during catalysis. To accommodate this hypothesis, we propose a general mechanism for sulfur transfer in which the terminal sulfur of the persulfide first acts as a nucleophile and is then transferred as an equivalent of S² rather than S⁰.

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