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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 14, 10235-10246, April 7, 2000
The Membrane Anchor Influences Ligand Binding Two-dimensional
Kinetic Rates and Three-dimensional Affinity of Fc RIII (CD16)*
Scott E.
Chesla §,
Ping
Li ,
Shanmugam
Nagarajan¶,
Periasamy
Selvaraj¶, and
Cheng
Zhu
From the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical
Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363 and
¶ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Kinetic rates and affinity are essential
determinants for biological processes that involve receptor-ligand
binding. By using a micropipette method, we measured the kinetics of
human Fc receptor III (CD16) interacting with IgG when the two
molecules were bound to apposing cellular membranes. CD16 is one of
only four eukaryotic receptors known to exist natively in both the
transmembrane (TM, CD16a) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI, CD16b)
isoforms. The biological significance of this anchor isoform
coexistence is not clear. Here we showed that the anchor influenced
kinetic rates; compared with CD16a-TM, CD16a-GPI bound faster and with higher affinities to human and rabbit IgGs but slower and with lower
affinity to murine IgG2a. The same differential affinity patterns were
observed using soluble IgG ligands. A monoclonal antibody bound
CD16a-GPI with higher affinity than CD16a-TM, whereas another
monoclonal antibody reacted strongly with CD16a-TM but weakly with
CD16a-GPI. No major differential glycosylation between the two CD16a
isoforms was detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
analysis. We suggest a conformational difference as the mechanism
underlying the observed anchor effect, as it cannot be explained by the
differing diffusivity, flexibility, orientation, height, distribution,
or clustering of the two molecules on the cell membrane. These data
demonstrate that a covalent modification of an Ig superfamily receptor
at the carboxyl terminus of the ectodomain can have an impact on ligand
binding kinetics.
*
This work was supported in part by National Science
Foundation Grant BCS 9350370, National Institutes of Health Grant
AI38282 (to C. Z.), and National Institutes of Health Grant AI30631
(to P. S.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
§
Supported in part by National Institutes of Health Training Grant GM08433.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: George W. Woodruff
School of Mechanical Engineering and Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363. Tel.: 404-894-3269; Fax: 404-894-2291; E-mail:
cheng.zhu@me.gatech.edu.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2000 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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