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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 14, 10661-10672, April 7, 2000

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-driven Actin-based Motility Is Mediated by VEGFR2 and Requires Concerted Activation of Stress-activated Protein Kinase 2 (SAPK2/p38) and Geldanamycin-sensitive Phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase*

Simon RousseauDagger §, François HouleDagger , Helen Kotanides, Larry Witte, Johannes Waltenberger||, Jacques LandryDagger , and Jacques HuotDagger **

From the Dagger  Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, G1R 2J6, Canada, the || Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany, and the  Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, ImClone Systems Inc., New York, New York 10014

In endothelial cells, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces an accumulation of stress fibers associated with new actin polymerization and rapid formation of focal adhesions at the ventral surface of the cells. This cytoskeletal reorganization results in an intense motogenic activity. Using porcine endothelial cells expressing one or the other type of the VEGF receptors, VEGFR1 or VEGFR2, or human umbilical vein endothelial cells pretreated with a VEGFR2 neutralizing antibody, we show that VEGFR2 is responsible for VEGF-induced activation of the stress-activated protein kinase-2/p38 (SAPK2/p38), phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and enhanced migratory activity. Activation of SAPK2/p38 triggered actin polymerization whereas FAK, which was phosphorylated independently of SAPK2/p38, initiated assembly of focal adhesions. Both processes contributed to the formation of stress fibers. Geldanamycin, an inhibitor of HSP90 blocked tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, assembly of focal adhesions, actin reorganization, and cell migration, all of which were reversed by overexpressing HSP90. We conclude that VEGFR2 mediates the physiological effect of VEGF on cell migration and that two independent pathways downstream of VEGFR2 regulate actin-based motility. One pathway involves SAPK2/p38 and leads to enhanced actin polymerization activity. The other involves HSP90 as a permissive signal transduction factor implicated in FAK phosphorylation and assembly of focal adhesions.

* This work was supported by Medical Research Council of Canada Grant MT15402 and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grants Wa734/2-4 and SFB451, B1/JW.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ Supported by studentships from the Cancer Research Society Inc. and FCAR/FRSQ.

** To whom correspondence should be addressed: Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada. Tel.: 418-691-5553; Fax: 418-691-5439; E-mail: Jacques.Huot@phc.ulaval.ca.

Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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