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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 17, 13134-13141, April 28, 2000
Sequential Serum-dependent Activation of CREB and
NRF-1 Leads to Enhanced Mitochondrial Respiration through the Induction
of Cytochrome c*
Ronald P.
Herzig ,
Salvatore
Scacco§, and
Richard C.
Scarpulla ¶
From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology,
Northwestern Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and the
§ Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry,
University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
Progression through the cell cycle requires ATP
for protein synthesis, cytoskeletal rearrangement, chromatin
remodeling, and protein degradation. The mechanisms by which mammalian
cells increase respiratory capacity and ATP production in preparation
for cell division are largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that
serum induction of cytochrome c mRNA and processed
protein in quiescent BALB/3T3 fibroblasts is associated with a marked
increase in mitochondrial respiration. Cytochrome c was
induced in the absence of any increase in citrate synthase activity or
in subunit IV of the cytochrome c oxidase complex mRNA
or protein, indicating that the enhanced respiratory rate did not
require a general increase in mitochondrial biogenesis or respiratory
chain expression. Transfections with a series of cytochrome
c promoter mutants showed that both nuclear respiratory
factor 1 (NRF-1) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)
binding sites contributed equally to induced expression by serum.
Moreover, CREB and NRF-1 were phosphorylated sequentially in response
to serum, and the NRF-1 phosphorylation was accompanied by an increase
in its ability to trans-activate target gene expression. The results demonstrate that the differential transcriptional expression of cytochrome c, through sequential
transcription factor phosphorylations, leads to enhanced mitochondrial
respiratory capacity upon serum-induced entry to the cell cycle.
*
This work was supported by United States Public Health
Service Grant GM32525-17 from the National Institutes of Health.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
¶
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Cell and
Molecular Biology, Northwestern Medical School, 303 East Chicago Ave.,
Chicago, IL 60611. Tel.: (312) 503-2946; Fax: (312) 503-0798; E-mail:
rsc248@nwu.edu.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2000 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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