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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 18, 13517-13528, May 5, 2000

Lamprey Hemoglobin
STRUCTURAL BASIS OF THE BOHR EFFECT*

Yang QiuDagger §, David H. Maillett, James Knapp||**, John S. Olson, and Austen F. RiggsDagger Dagger Dagger

From the Dagger  Section of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1064, the  Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and the Keck Center for Computational Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, and the || Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1167

Lampreys, among the most primitive living vertebrates, have hemoglobins (Hbs) with self-association and ligand-binding properties very different from those that characterize the alpha 2beta 2 tetrameric Hbs of higher vertebrates. Monomeric, ligated lamprey Hb self-associates to dimers and tetramers upon deoxygenation. Dissociation to monomers upon oxygenation accounts for the cooperative binding of O2 and its pH dependence. Honzatko and Hendrickson (Honzatko, R. B., and Hendrickson, W. A. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 83, 8487-8491) proposed that the dimeric interface of the Hb resembles either the alpha 1beta 2 interface of mammalian Hbs or the contacts in clam Hb where the E and F helices form the interface. Perutz (Perutz, M. F. (1989) Quart. Rev. Biophys. 2, 139- 236) proposed a version of the clam model in which the distal histidine swings out of the heme pocket upon deoxygenation to form a bond with a carboxyl group of a second monomer. The sedimentation behavior and oxygen equilibria of nine mutants of the major Hb component, PMII, from Petromyzon marinus have been measured to test these models. The results strongly support a critical role of the E helix and the AB corner in forming the subunit interface in the dimer and rule out the alpha 1beta 2 model. The pH dependence of both the sedimentation equilibrium and the oxygen binding of the mutant E75Q indicate that Glu75 is one of two groups responsible for the Bohr effect. Changing the distal histidine 73 to glutamine almost completely abolishes the self-association of the deoxy-Hb and causes a large increase in O2 affinity. The recent x-ray crystallographic determination of the structure of deoxy lamprey Hb, reported after the completion of this work (Heaslet, H. A., and Royer, W. E. (1999) Structure 7, 517-526), shows that the dimer interface does involve the E helix and the AB corner, supporting the measurements and interpretations reported here.


* This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants MCB 951179 and 972385 (to A. F. R.), National Institutes of Health Grants GM 35649 and HL 47020 (to J. S. O.), and National Institutes of Health Biotechnology Training Grant T32-GM08362. Portions of this paper are based on a Ph.D. dissertation of Y. Qiu at the University of Texas at Austin, December, 1997. A preliminary account of the results has been presented (1).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AF248645.

§ Present address: Functional Genomics Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720.

** Present address: Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655.

Dagger Dagger To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 512-471-1585; Fax: 512-471-9651; E-mail: riggs@uts.cc.utexas.edu.


Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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