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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 2, 1065-1072, January 14, 2000
From the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and Bone morphogenetic proteins are potent
osteotropic agents that induce osteoblast differentiation and bone
formation. The signal transduction of bone morphogenetic proteins has
recently been discovered to involve Smad proteins. Smad1 is an
essential intracellular component that is specifically phosphorylated
by bone morphogenetic protein receptors and translocated into the
nucleus upon ligand stimulation. Previously, we have reported that
Smad1 activates osteopontin gene expression in response to bone
morphogenetic protein simulation through an interaction with a
homeodomain transcription factor, Hoxc-8. In the present study, the
interaction domains between the two proteins were characterized
by deletional analysis in both yeast two-hybrid and gel shift assays.
Two regions within the amino-terminal 87 amino acid residues of Smad1
were mapped to interact with Hoxc-8, one of which binds to the
homeodomain. Overexpression of recombinant cDNAs encoding the
Hoxc-8 interaction domains of Smad1 effectively activated osteopontin
gene transcription in transient transfection assays. Furthermore,
stable expression of these Smad1 fragments in 2T3 osteoblast precursor
cells stimulated osteoblast differentiation-related gene expression and
led to mineralized bone matrix formation. Our data suggest that the
interaction of amino-terminal Smad1 with Hoxc-8 mimics bone
morphogenetic protein signaling and is sufficient to induce osteoblast
differentiation and bone cell formation.
Smad1 Domains Interacting with Hoxc-8 Induce Osteoblast
Differentiation*
,
Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040
*
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of
Health Grant DK53757 (to X. C).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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