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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 2, 1216-1225, January 14, 2000
From the Prostate cancer, the most frequent solid
cancer in older men, is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Although
proliferation and differentiation of normal prostate epithelia and the
initial growth of prostate cancer cells are
androgen-dependent, prostate cancers ultimately become
androgen-independent and refractory to hormone therapy. The
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene has been widely used as a
diagnostic indicator for androgen-dependent and
-independent prostate cancer. Androgen-induced and prostate epithelium-specific PSA expression is regulated by a proximal promoter
and an upstream enhancer via several androgen receptor binding sites.
However, little progress has been made in identifying androgen-independent regulatory elements involved in PSA gene regulation. We report the isolation of a novel, prostate
epithelium-specific Ets transcription factor, PDEF
(prostate-derived Ets
factor), that among the Ets family uniquely prefers binding
to a GGAT rather than a GGAA core. PDEF acts as an androgen-independent
transcriptional activator of the PSA promoter. PDEF also directly
interacts with the DNA binding domain of androgen receptor and enhances
androgen-mediated activation of the PSA promoter. Our results, as well
as the critical roles of other Ets factors in cellular differentiation
and tumorigenesis, strongly suggest that PDEF is an important regulator
of prostate gland and/or prostate cancer development.
The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AF071538.
PDEF, a Novel Prostate Epithelium-specific Ets Transcription
Factor, Interacts with the Androgen Receptor and Activates
Prostate-specific Antigen Gene Expression*
,
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,
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,
,
,
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,
**,
,
, and
§§
New England Baptist Bone and Joint
Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, the § Department of
Surgery and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
California 94305, the ¶ Division of Pathology, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts 02215, the
Department of Biology, University of
York, P.O. Box 373, York YO1 5YW, United Kingdom, and

Human Genome Sciences, Inc.,
Rockville, Maryland 20850
*
This work was supported by a CaP CURE award (to T. A. L.) and by National Institutes of Health Grant KO8/CA 71429 (to
P. O.)The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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