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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 2, 959-968, January 14, 2000

Holo-(Acyl Carrier Protein) Synthase and Phosphopantetheinyl Transfer in Escherichia coli*

Roger S. FlugelDagger §, Yon Hwangbopar , Ralph H. Lambalot§, John E. Cronan Jr.par , and Christopher T. WalshDagger §**

From the Dagger  Committee on Higher Degrees in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, § Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and  Departments of Microbiology and par  Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801

Holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase (AcpS) post-translationally modifies apoacyl carrier protein (apoACP) via transfer of 4'-phosphopantetheine from coenzyme A (CoA) to the conserved serine 36 gamma -OH of apoACP. The resulting holo-acyl carrier protein (holo-ACP) is then active as the central coenzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis. The acpS gene has previously been identified and shown to be essential for Escherichia coli growth. Earlier mutagenic studies isolated the E. coli MP4 strain, whose elevated growth requirement for CoA was ascribed to a deficiency in holoACP synthesis. Sequencing of the acpS gene from the E. coli MP4 strain (denoted acpS1) showed that the AcpS1 protein contains a G4D mutation. AcpS1 exhibited a ~5-fold reduction in its catalytic efficiency when compared with wild type AcpS, accounting for the E. coli MP4 strain phenotype. It is shown that a conditional acpS mutant accumulates apoACP in vivo under nonpermissive conditions in a manner similar to the E. coli MP4 strain. In addition, it is demonstrated that the gene product, YhhU, of a previously identified E. coli open reading frame can completely suppress the acpS conditional, lethal phenotype upon overexpression of the protein, suggesting that YhhU may be involved in an alternative pathway for phosphopantetheinyl transfer and holoACP synthesis in E. coli.

* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM20011 (to C. T. W.), AI15650 (to J. E. C.), 5T32-GM08313-07 (to R. S. F.), and GM16583-03 (to R. H. L.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

** To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston MA 02115. Tel.: 617-432-1776; Fax: 617-432-0556; E-mail: walsh@walsh.med.harvard.edu.

Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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