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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 20, 15090-15098, May 19, 2000
From the Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
Elevated concentrations of fecal bile aids are
known to promote colon cancer and increasing evidence suggests that
alterations in cellular signaling and gene expression may play an
important role in this process. In this study, we examined the
molecular mechanisms underlying bile acid-mediated gene regulation
using GADD153 as our model gene. Promoter deletion analyses revealed that the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor was crucial for deoxycholic acid (DCA)-mediated GADD153 gene transcription. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient transfection analyses demonstrated that both DNA binding and transactivation activities of AP-1 were induced by DCA in a dose-dependent
manner. The AP-1 complex induced by DCA consisted of JunD, Fra-1, and c-Fos. Examination of the signaling pathways stimulated by DCA showed
that extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) were required for
AP-1 activation. Inhibition of ERK by the mitogen-activated protein
kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor PD 98059 or by expression of a dominant
negative mutant ERK suppressed AP-1 activation. Notably, the PKC
inhibitor, calphostin C, also abolished DCA-induced AP-1 activation but
did not affect DCA-mediated ERK activation, suggesting that ERK
and PKC function in separate signaling pathways that cooperatively
mediate DCA-induced AP-1 activation. Hence, bile acid-stimulated
signaling appears to converge on the AP-1 protooncogene.
Bile Acid-induced Activation of Activator Protein-1 Requires
Both Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase and Protein Kinase C
Signaling*
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grant CA-72008 and Cancer Center Core Grant CA-23074.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Radiation
Oncology, P.O. Box 245024, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724. Tel.: 520-626-4250; Fax: 520-626-4480; E-mail:
jmartinez@azcc.arizona.edu.
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