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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 20, 15099-15105, May 19, 2000
From the Departments of Recent evidence indicates that STAT proteins can
be activated by a variety of receptor and non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinases. Unlike cytokine-induced activation of STATs, where JAKs are
known to play a pivotal role in phosphorylating STATs, the mechanism for receptor protein-tyrosine kinase-mediated activation of STATs remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the activation of STAT
proteins by the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) in
vitro and in vivo and assessed the role of JAKs in the process of activation. We found that STAT3, but not STAT5, was
activated in response to IGF-I in 293T cells cotransfected with IGF-IR
and STAT expression vectors. Moreover, tyrosine phosphorylation of
STAT3, JAK1, and JAK2 was increased upon IGF-I stimulation of
endogenous IGF-IR in 293T cells transfected with the respective STAT or
JAK expression vector. Supporting the observation in 293T cells,
endogenous STAT3 was tyrosine-phosphorylated upon IGF-I stimulation in
the muscle cell line C2C12 as well as in various embryonic and adult
mouse organs during different stages of development. Dominant-negative
JAK1 or JAK2 was able to block the IGF-IR-mediated tyrosine
phosphorylation of STAT3 in 293T cells. A newly identified family of
proteins called SOCS (suppressor of
cytokine signaling), including SOCS1, SOCS2,
SOCS3 and CIS, was able to inhibit the IGF-I-induced STAT3 activation
as well with varying degrees of potency, in which SOCS1 and SOCS3
appeared to have the higher inhibitory ability. Inhibition of STAT3
activation by SOCS could be overcome by overexpression of native JAK1
and JAK2. We conclude that IGF-I/IGF-IR is able to mediate activation
of STAT3 in vitro and in vivo and that JAKs are
essential for the process of activation.
Mechanism of STAT3 Activation by Insulin-like Growth Factor I
Receptor*
§,
,
,
Microbiology,
Immunobiology, and ** Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mount
Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029 and the
¶ Department of Pathology, New York University,
New York, New York 10016
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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