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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 20, 15232-15238, May 19, 2000
Classical and Nonclassical Class I Major Histocompatibility
Complex Molecules Exhibit Subtle Conformational Differences That
Affect Binding to CD8 *
George F.
Gaoab,
Benjamin E.
Willcoxbc,
Jessica R.
Wyerbc,
Jonathan M.
Boulterd,
Christopher A.
O'Callaghance,
Katsumi
Maenakafg,
David I.
Stuartdf,
E. Yvonne
Jonesdfh,
P. Anton
Van Der Merwei,
John
I.
Bellcd, and
Bent K.
Jakobsencj
From the a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, the
c MRC Human Immunology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine,
John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom, the
d Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom, the f Division of
Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt
Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN United Kingdom, and the i Sir William
Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford,
Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
The cell surface molecules CD4 and CD8 greatly
enhance the sensitivity of T-cell antigen recognition, acting as
"co-receptors" by binding to the same major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) molecules as the T-cell receptor (TCR). Here we use
surface plasmon resonance to study the binding of CD8 to class I
MHC molecules. CD8 bound the classical MHC molecules HLA-A*0201,
-A*1101, -B*3501, and -C*0702 with dissociation constants
(Kd) of 90-220 µM, a range of
affinities distinctly lower than that of TCR/peptide-MHC interaction.
We suggest such affinities apply to most CD8 /classical class I
MHC interactions and may be optimal for T-cell recognition. In
contrast, CD8 bound both HLA-A*6801 and B*4801 with a
significantly lower affinity ( 1 mM), consistent with the
finding that interactions with these alleles are unable to mediate
cell-cell adhesion. Interestingly, CD8 bound normally to the
nonclassical MHC molecule HLA-G (Kd ~150
µM), but only weakly to the natural killer cell receptor ligand HLA-E (Kd 1 mM).
Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that variation in
CD8 binding affinity can be explained by amino acid differences
within the 3 domain. Taken together with crystallographic studies,
these results indicate that subtle conformational changes in the
solvent exposed 3 domain loop (residues 223-229) can account for
the differential ability of both classical and nonclassical class I MHC
molecules to bind CD8.
*
This work was supported by the Medical Research Council,
United Kingdom and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
b
These authors contributed equally to this work.
e
MRC Clinician Scientist.
g
Human Frontiers Science Program Postdoctoral Research Fellow.
h
Royal Society University Research Fellow.
j
To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be
addressed: MRC Human Immunology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK. Tel.: 44-1865-222-330; Fax: 44-1865-222-502; E-mail: jakobsen@pinnacle.jr2.ox.ac.uk.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2000 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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