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J Biol Chem, Vol. 275, Issue 20, 15279-15286, May 19, 2000

Characterization of Rapid Membrane Internalization and Recycling*

Mingming HaoDagger § and Frederick R. MaxfieldDagger

From the Dagger  Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021 and the § Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853

Lipids and other membrane constituents recycle between the plasma membrane and intracellular endocytic compartments. In CHO cells, approximately half of the internalized C6-NBD-SM, a fluorescent lipid analogue widely used as a membrane maker, recycles via the endocytic recycling compartment with a t1/2 of ~12 min (Mayor, S., Presley, J. F., and Maxfield, F. R. (1993) J. Cell Biol. 121, 1257-1269). Surprisingly, the rest returns to the plasma membrane very quickly. A detailed kinetic study presented in this paper indicates that after a brief internalization pulse, 42-62% of the internalized C6-NBD-SM returns to the plasma membrane with a t1/2 of 1-2 min. Similar results are obtained using HEp2 and nonpolarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Using FM dyes of different hydrophobicity, we show that rapid recycling involves passage through an endocytic organelle that was subsequently identified as the sorting endosome by co-localization with internalized transferrin and low density lipoprotein. These results imply that the membrane internalization rate is much higher than previously estimated, with a t1/2 as short as 5-10 min. Rapid internalization and recycling would facilitate processes such as nutrient uptake and cholesterol efflux.


* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant DK 27083.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Dept. of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. Tel.: 212-746-6405; Fax: 212-746-8875; E-mail: frmaxfie@med.cornell.edu.


Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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