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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 21, 15676-15684, May 26, 2000
From the Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571
synthesizes mainly pentameric Nod factors with a household fatty acid,
an N-methyl, and a 6-O-carbamoyl group at the
nonreducing-terminal residue and with a D-arabinosyl, an
L-fucosyl group, or both at the reducing-terminal residue.
Nodulation on Sesbania rostrata was carried out with a set
of bacterial mutants that produce well characterized Nod factor
populations. Purified Nod factors were tested for their capacity to
induce root hair formation and for their stability in an in
vitro degradation assay with extracts of uninfected adventitious rootlets. The glycosylations increased synergistically the nodulation efficiency and the capacity to induce root hairs, and they protected the Nod factor against degradation. The D-arabinosyl group
was more important than the L-fucosyl group for nodulation
efficiency. Replacement of the 6-O-L-fucosyl
group by a 6-O-sulfate ester did not affect Nod factor
stability, but reduced nodulation efficiency, indicating that the
L-fucosyl group may play a role in recognition. The
6-O-carbamoyl group contributes to nodulation efficiency, biological activity, and protection, but could be replaced by a
6-O-acetyl group for root nodulation. The results
demonstrate that none of the studied substitutions is strictly required
for triggering normal nodule formation. However, the nodulation
efficiency was greatly determined by the synergistic presence of
substitutions. Within the range tested, fluctuations of Nod factor
amounts had little impact on the symbiotic phenotype.
Nod Factor Requirements for Efficient Stem and Root
Nodulation of the Tropical Legume Sesbania
rostrata*
§,¶,
, and**
Vakgroep Moleculaire Genetica en Departement
Plantengenetica, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor
Biotechnologie, Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium and the
Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse et Signaux
Biologiques, Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité
Chimique et Photochimique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5623 CNRS,
Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
*
This work was supported in part by a grant from the French
National Center for Scientific Research-Flemish Community Exchange Program and Grant G.0074.97 from the Fund for Scientific Research (Flanders).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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