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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 21, 15733-15740, May 26, 2000
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From the Department of Neurobiology, Interdisziplinäres
Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften (IZN), University of Heidelberg,
Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
The axonal microtubule-associated phosphoprotein
tau interacts with neural plasma membrane (PM) components during
neuronal development (Brandt, R., Léger, J., and Lee, G. (1995)
J. Cell Biol. 131, 1327-1340). To analyze the
mechanism and potential regulation of tau's PM association, a method
was developed to isolate PM-associated tau using microsphere separation
of surface-biotinylated cells. We show that tau's PM association
requires an intact membrane cortex and that PM-associated tau and
cytosolic tau are differentially phosphorylated at sites detected by
several Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostic antibodies
(Ser199/Ser202, Thr231, and
Ser396/Ser404). In polar neurons, the
association of endogenous tau phosphoisoforms with the membrane cortex
correlates with an enrichment in the axonal compartment. To test for a
direct effect of AD-specific tau modifications in determining tau's
interactions, a phosphomutant that simulates an AD-like
hyperphosphorylation of tau was produced by site-directed
mutagenesis of Ser/Thr residues to negatively charged amino acids
(Glu). These mutations completely abolish tau's association with the
membrane cortex; however, the construct retains its capability to bind
to microtubules. The data suggest that a loss of tau's association
with the membrane cortex as a result of phosphorylation at sites that
are modified during disease contributes to somatodendritic tau
accumulation, axonal microtubule disintegration, and neuronal death
characteristic for AD.
Interaction of Tau with the Neural Membrane Cortex Is Regulated
by Phosphorylation at Sites That Are Modified in Paired Helical
Filaments*
*
This work was supported in part by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 317, Teilprojekt D3), and the
"Landesforschungsschwerpunkt Protein-Faltung und Transport" (to
R. B.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Recipient of a Heisenberg fellowship from the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 49-6221-548329; Fax: 49-6221-544496; E-mail:
Brandt@sun0.urz.uni-heidelberg.de.
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