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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 21, 15861-15867, May 26, 2000
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Chrysoptin Is a Potent Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonist Present in Salivary Gland Extracts of the Deerfly*

Vemuri B. Reddy, Kounga Kounga, Fabio Mariano, and Ethan A. LernerDagger

From the Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129

Salivary gland lysates of the deerfly (genus Chrysops) contain chrysoptin, an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, which presumably assists the fly in obtaining a blood meal. Chrysoptin has now been isolated, and its cDNA has been cloned and expressed. Chrysoptin was purified to homogeneity using anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography and found to be a protein with a molecular mass of 65 kDa as determined by gel electrophoresis. N-terminal amino acid sequencing allowed for the synthesis of degenerate oligonucleotides that led to cloning, from salivary gland specific mRNA, of the cDNA encoding this platelet inhibitor. No RGD sites are present in the predicted sequence. A search of GenBankTM did not reveal significant sequence homology between chrysoptin and other proteins. The molecular mass predicted from the cDNA was 59 kDa. Predicted glycosylation and phosphorylation sites may account for this difference in molecular mass, as recombinant chrysoptin expressed in Sf21 cells had a molecular mass of 65 kDa, matching that of the natural protein. Chrysoptin functions by inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen to the fibrinogen/glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor on platelets with an IC50 of 95 pmol. These results reveal that insect salivary glands are a source of fibrinogen receptor antagonists.

* Supported by an agreement between MGH-Harvard Cutaneous Biology Research Center and Shiseido Cosmetics Co. Ltd., RO1 AR42005 and R01 AR44510.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AF169229.

Dagger An established investigator of the American Heart Association. To whom correspondence should be addressed: CBRC/MGH-East Bldg. 149, 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129. Tel.: 617-726-4439; Fax: 617-726-4453; E-mail: ethan.lerner@cbrc2.mgh.harvard.edu.

Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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