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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 21, 15905-15911, May 26, 2000
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From the Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is
a potent angiogenic factor expressed during embryonic development,
during wound healing, and in pathologies dependent on
neovascularization, including cancer. Regulation of the receptor
tyrosine kinases, KDR and Flt-1, to which VEGF binds on endothelial
cells is incompletely understood. Chronic incubation with
tumor-conditioned medium or VEGF diminished 125I-VEGF
binding to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, incorporation of
125I-VEGF into covalent complexes with KDR and Flt1, and
immunoreactive KDR in cell lysates. Receptor down-regulation
desensitized VEGF activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
(extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) and p38
mitogen-activated protein kinase. Preincubation with VEGF or
tumor-conditioned medium down-regulated cell surface receptor
expression but up-regulated KDR and Flt-1 mRNAs, an effect
abrogated by a neutralizing VEGF antibody. Removal of VEGF from the
medium led to recovery of 125I-VEGF binding and
resensitization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Recovery of
receptor expression was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that
augmented VEGF receptor mRNAs, and not receptor recycling from a
cytoplasmic pool, restored responsiveness. As the VEGF receptors
promote endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and other events
necessary for angiogenesis, the noncoordinate regulation of VEGF
receptor proteins and mRNAs suggests that human umbilical vein
endothelial cells are protected against inappropriate or prolonged loss
of VEGF receptors by a homeostatic mechanism important to endothelial
cell function.
Homeostatic Modulation of Cell Surface KDR and Flt1 Expression
and Expression of the Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor (VEGF)
Receptor mRNAs by VEGF*
,
¶
Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of
Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco,
California 94143-0790 and the § Department of Microbiology
and Immunology and the Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University,
School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
*
This work was supported by NCI, National Institutes of
Health, Grants CA52863 and CA 84019 (to R. S. W.) and CA67891 and
CA73023 (to D. B. D.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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